Technology s Efficiency Footprint On The Healthcare World...

Technology’s Efficiency Footprint on the Healthcare World Technology is essential for improving the efficiency of today’s healthcare world, and to continue the advancement of the processes involving patients’ care. In fact, according to Dr. John Haughom, senior advisor of Health Catalyst states, â€Å"Over the past several decades, thanks to improved diagnostic and therapeutic options, healthcare has experienced an explosion of innovations designed to improve life expectancy and quality of life.† In other words, technology is rapidly changing the healthcare world, whether the change is causing a good or bad effect on the methods of healthcare, as technology progresses the healthcare world must follow. Although, technology can cause small dilemmas in the healthcare world, for example, malfunctions, unreliability, and security breaks; it is capable of improving the healthcare world by providing electronic patient records (EPR), patient’s satisfaction, and increase accuracy within a hospital. Technology has proven to be an important player in furthering a hospital into the challenging game of becoming successful, and innovated. Computers are a form of technology that has the potential to cultivate the healthcare world by increasing productivity of healthcare providers. Computers are not the main source of productivity, it is what computers are capable of storing that makes them essential to healthcare. Computers have the ability to hold multiple databases on their hard drives,Show MoreRelatedCase Study : Glaxosmithkline ( Cosmetics Soap And Other Detergent Manufacturing1729 Words   |  7 PagesGlaxoSmithKline (enamel protectant toothpaste) Industry Label: Soap and Other Detergent Manufacturing Industry NAICS code: 325611 Company Ticker Symbol: GSK Stock Price (03/28/15): $46.59 QUESTION 1: Identify the firm s apparent current mission. Then briefly review the firm s current objectives and strategies. â€Å"The business is focused around the delivery of three strategic priorities which aim to increase growth, reduce risk, and improve our long-term financial performance. These prioritiesRead MoreCase Study : Investing Of Responsible Growth Essay1336 Words   |  6 Pagesexceed in expectations the development of energy efficient activities. Greenfield and Brownfield expansions are the planned systems to guarantee growth. Initiatives †¢ Enhancing material efficiency and process/equipment productivity, backed by pollution prevention practices, as well as adoption of cleaner technologies for Brownfield projects †¢ Conserving resources, minimizing and recycling wastes, with systematic collection of scrap, which is then subjected to safe storage/disposal and re-use †¢ ImplementingRead MoreSiemens : A Leading Supplier Of Systems For Power Generation Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesSiemens is a German global conglomerate corporation, based in Munich, Germany. Europe’s largest technology conglomerate has been founded in 1847. It is specialized in electrical engineering and electronics. (Siemens, 2015). Siemens is one of the largest pioneers in producing energy and resource-reservations technologies. Siemens is a leading supplier of systems for power generation and transmission as well as medical diagnosis. Siemens operates in around 190 countries and generally 285 productionRead MoreInternational Business Machines ( Ibm )1440 Words   |  6 Pagesmainframes), the company s information technology, business services, and software units are now among the largest in the world. While it has moved from hardware to a large degree, the company maintains its industry-leading enterprise server and data storage products lines.† (Internatio nal Business Machines Corporation). Any general business activity is industry, in IBM they have a variety that they have under industry and here are some of them: Aerospace and defense: technology and consulting forRead MoreOverpopulation And Resource Conflict And Allocation1741 Words   |  7 Pagescondition in which the existing human population exceeds the carrying capacity of Earth. Since the Bubonic plague in the 1400s, Earth has undergone a constant rate of increase of the world’s population, primarily caused by growing innovations in technology, better medical services, immigration, lack of family planning, and an unbalanced birth and death rate. The consequences of overpopulation include reduction of natural resources, conflict and wars, rise in unemployment, and high cost of living,Read MoreThe Application of Biotechnological Tools1775 Words   |  7 Pagesfact cannot be subjugated that the application of creative biotechnological tools are indeed a blessing in disguise for the entire humanity. As per the researchers conducted across the world there are approximately 250 healthcare products that are devised on biotechnological foundations. Apart from them the medical world is blessed with the vaccines and the precautionary medicines that are serving to help the humanity in a positive constructive manner. One cannot assert that the science and rationaleRead MoreGeneral Electric As It Became One Of The World s Leaders1275 Words   |  6 Pageshousehold appliances to medical imaging, business and consumer financing and industrial products. The Company operates its segments through its eight businesses, based on the markets they serve: Power Water, Oil Gas, Energy Management, Aviation, Healthcare, Transportation, Appliances and Lighting, and GE Capital. The Company operates in approximately 175 countries. It was in 1878 where Thomas Edison founder the Edison Electric Light Company. It was at this time where Thomas Edison invented the incandescentRead MoreLeading on from the N ational Biotechnology Policy in Malaysia947 Words   |  4 PagesProgramme (BTP) intensifies the nation’s transformation to a global high-income country. â€Å"The National Biotechnology Policy was launched in 2005; its nine thrusts include 1. Agricultural: Enhance the value creation of the agricultural sector, 2. Healthcare: Commercializing the discoveries of the agricultural sector, 3. Industrial: Increase opportunities for bioprocessing and bio-manufacturing, 4. Research and Development: Establish Centres of Biotechnology Excellence, through research and developmentRead MoreResearch On Cancer1316 Words   |  6 Pages(Moved up) Historically cancer research has focused on finding â€Å"a cure† for what has been thought of as a single disease with rogue cells dividing madly, but research and technologies have exposed how complex cancers really are with intricate genetic differences demonstrating patients are much less alike than we once thought. Genetic and environmental facts have provided myriad different tumor types with unique biological pathways insights. As immuno-oncology takes the spotlight in cancer therapeuticsRead MoreThe Importance Of Immuno-Oncology1344 Words   |  6 PagesAs immuno-oncology takes the spotlight in cancer therapeutics and pharma companies race to develop new treatments, improvements in the detection of cancers may be just as impactful. Liquid biopsies, top ten technology MIT Technology Review 2015 breakthroughs, are diagnostic tests to detect cancer biomarkers in the blood, urine, and now saliva. Liquid biopsies have been recent blood based tests that analyze circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in lieu of the standard tissue

How to Write Medical Thesis

How to Write Medical Thesis Rules for writing a medical thesis are the same as for writing any scientific thesis. Still, there are some peculiarities of the subject, which can be best shown in the following example of medical thesis. Dyslexia is a learning disorder that affects attention and emotional perception of the patient and is generally observed from early childhood. This disorder first of all affects reading and spelling. According to the latest studies, about ten percent of the population suffer from dyslexia. Dyslexia can affect the whole family and affects the person for his or her whole life. Nevertheless, it can be minimized by applying special ways of working and learning, especially on early stages of life. It is impossible to cure the disorder completely and, therefore, dyslexia requires consistent treatment. A person, suffering from dyslexia can be helped by development of training program, which would be tailored specifically for the individual, and based on the weak and strong sides of his or her learning abilities. The purpose of this study is to analyse the most effective methods of dealing with dyslexia on the examples and analysis of existing technologies and methods, implemented and practiced in the major institutions, specializing in the treatment of dyslexia disability. This study will be concentrated upon the organization in the UK and will include twenty four different organizations in the analysis of the treatment methods. In the scale of this study we have also asked and received permission to invite for the interview several patients from each of the clinics. Results, obtained from theoretical analysis of effectiveness and efficiency of current treatment techniques, were based on

Chicano Movement Essay - 1250 Words

More than a century of prejudice against one of the largest minority residing in the United States that continues today. To these days Hispanics are targets of discrimination and are not offer equal opportunities in jobs and education. The roots of discrimination go back to the end of the Mexican War when thousands of Mexicans became American citizens overnight. The sign of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo not only transfer land to the United States but also the people that live there before it became territory of the United States. These people began to suffer from discrimination in their owl land. Their sons and daughters did not have better luck because even thought they were born in the United States therefore they are American citizens†¦show more content†¦Finally after many deacades of suffering the Chicanos decided to make their voices be heard around the country and fight discrimination and to demand the rigthts they desrve as Americdan citizens. The Chicano movement began since the U.S took hundreds of miles from Mexico at the end of the Mexican War in 1848. The thousands of Mexican that were living in the territory that became part of the U.S became American citizens overnight and since then countless Chicanos have confronted discrimination, racism and exploitation in their own country. Mexican Americans is the term used to describeShow MoreRelatedSuccess Of The Chicano Movement1600 Words   |  7 PagesThe Chicano movement was a movement that inspired thousands of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans to boldly take a stand against discriminatory oppression. For years, the Chicano movement fought for Mexicans’ rights. However, the movement failed to recognize that its women were an oppressed group that also needed to be heard by the gringos and their system. The women were oppressed triply through race, class, and gender. Chicanas not only had to fight the American system that worked against colored minoritiesRead MoreThe Movement Of The Chicano Movement1412 Words   |  6 PagesThe Chicano movement that occurred in the 60’s and 70’s came out during the same time of the Civil Rights Movement. It was about fighting for social, political, and economic justice for Chicano people. The issues that were highlighted in the movement were; restoration of lan d grant rights, fair treatment of farm workers, educational access and dismantling racial discrimination for Chicano youth, and pushing for voting rights. Common historiographies of the Chicano civil rights movement in the 60Read MoreThe Chicano Movement During The 1960s1261 Words   |  6 Pages Montejano describes the Chicano movement during the 1960s in San Antonio, Texas. Montejano wrote this book to inform readers of the events that happened within the Chicano community. San Antonio was mostly populated by Mexican-Americans in the 1960s, but was generally governed by Anglos. Anglos-Saxons did nothing to meet the needs of Mexican- Americans living in the West and South sides of San Antonio which were historically the lower income parts of town with the majority of people taking residenceRead MoreThe Chicano Movement By Frank Romero1024 Words   |  5 Pagesto society. The Chicano movement started in the 1960s; the public wanted to repair social injustice. The Chicano movement encompassed a broad section of issues; from restoration of lands, to farm workers’ rights, to enhance education, to voting and political rights. At this moment many individuals were trying different ways to express their views and one of those ways was art. In the early years of the Chicano movement, Frank Romero established a reputation as one of the Chicano art heroes. ThroughRead MoreThe Chicano Movement : A Unique, Dramatic, And Multifaceted Social Struggle Of Affirmation1756 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Chicano community undertook a unique, dramatic, and multifaceted social struggle of affirmation. This historic phase became more and more varied and complex then previous struggles (Maciel, 2010). Mexican Americans took movement, defined and took pride in their own identity, asserted their civil rights, worked toward self-determination by improving their financial, social, and political circumstances. â€Å"Similar to other movements of this period promoting civil rights, the Chicano movement madeRead More The Chicano Movement: Struggles, Goals, and Accomplishments Essay examples1537 Words   |  7 PagesIn American history, civil rights movements have played a major role for many ethnics in the United States and have shape American society to what it is today. The impact of civil rights movements is tremendous and to an extent, they accomplish the objectives that the groups of people set out to achieve. The Mexican-American Civil Rights Movement, more commonly known as the Chicano Movement or El Movimiento, was one of the many movements in the United States that set out to obtain equality for Mexican-AmericansRead MoreChicano Movement1269 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican citi zens also continue to suffer from discrimination because of their background. After more than three generation of being born in America Chicanos decided to revolt. The Chicano movement bloomed in the 1960s when the generation was tired of the racial discrimination and decides to fight for their rights. They created organizations to help Chicanos, organize walkouts to protest against inadequate learning environment and they protested against unequal opportunists in jobs. The United StatesRead MoreMexican Civit Rights Movement 1940s Vs Chicano Movement 1960s592 Words   |  2 PagesOne of the many similarities about the Mexican American Civil Rights movements and the Chicano Movement in the 60s- 70s is that they fought for what they believed they had a right to have. Many in the 1940’s and in the 1960’s stepped up to show their loyalty to the United States by joining the military and sadly manly lost their lives during World War II and the Vietnam War. They were many Mexican Americans who were stationed in infantry and many dangerous areas during the war. They all fought withRead MoreOverview of the Chicano Movement691 Words   |  3 Pagesre-definition of the term Chicano came about during the 1960s due to the efforts of many young Mexican and Mexican-American students who infused a sense of social, artistic, political and educational pride in themselves and in their culture. These people were able to take this particular term and red efine it to their own liking as a symbol of pride and solidarity. To that end, there were many different impetuses that helped to spawn what has been called the Chicano movement. Initially, this movementsRead MoreThe Chicano Movement Of America1832 Words   |  8 Pagessuffer discrimination, poverty, and injustice. Tired of the injustice against Mexican immigrants and the discrimination they suffered, the Mexican-American started a movement, the Chicano movement. The Chicano movement occurs after being tired from suffering, for many years, margination, poverty and a broken â€Å"american dream†. The Chicanos besides succeeding in the creation of literary and visual arts that validated the ethnicity of the Mexican-American culture, they also achieved numerous legal and

Mapping the Issue Free Essays

Tammy Lin ENGL 1302 051 Brittain 5/11/12 Trimming the Fat of a Growing Problem Obesity is becoming a major problem to many Americans as well as many people around the world. Being the second cause of preventable death in the United States, obesity increases the risk of numerous adverse health problems including breast cancer, heart disease, type II diabetes, osteoarthritis, colon cancer, stroke, and more. Obesity is defined as an excess proportion of total body fat, with a person being considered obese if his or her weight is twenty percent or more above normal body weight. We will write a custom essay sample on Mapping the Issue or any similar topic only for you Order Now A common way to measure obesity is by calculating the body mass index. An individual is considered overweight if his or her BMI is between twenty five and thirty, while a person is seen as obese if his or her BMI is over thirty. With that said, it has been estimated that sixty million Americans twenty years and older are obese, which makes up thirty percent of the adult population; meanwhile, nine million children and teenagers ages six to nineteen are overweight. The number of overweight and obese Americans has increased since 1960, a trend that shows no sign of slowing down. In this paper I will review three main positions regarding the issue of ways to approach the multiplying rate of obesity. First, there are those who advocate for the implementation of fat taxes. With the administration of taxes on unhealthy foods and drinks, this group believes that it will significantly discourage the consumption of such foods and will, in turn, promote healthy and responsible eating. Second, there are those who remain persistent in maintaining the privacy of one’s decision making concerning food intake. With the expansion of diverse kinds of food production, this group considers an individual’s food preference as unique, exclusive, and personal. Third, there are those who believe that lowering the costs of healthy foods will encourage the purchase of nourishing and health-benefiting foods. They embrace the belief that most people would eat healthier if the food was more affordable. The first position is the support of fat taxes. The people who stand in this position are those who are concerned with America’s public health issue today, especially the issues centering on obesity. Lisa Baertlin recently ublished an article on Reuters, an international news agency headquartered in the UK, entitled â€Å"Battle Lines Drawn over Soda, Junk Food Taxes† in response to the the wide-growing obesity epidemic today, with the proposition that fat taxes could help save individuals their health and money. She claims that taxes could help make up for the at least one hundred an d forty seven billion dollars spent on treating diseases related to obesity and fund programs that battle for this issue. According to U. S. lawmakers, soda tax is one of the most probable sources that would most likely be used to tackle healthcare reform. In relativity to the taxing of cigarettes, these people believe that by taxing soda, it would also similarly reduce consumption and its revenue stream; by taxing more than ten percent for beverages, purchases would be cut down by eight to ten percent. According to a recent Thomson Reuters survey included within Baertlin’s article, â€Å"about fifty-eight percent of Americans are willing to bear a tax increase of one percent or more to support healthcare reform† (Baertlin 1), which proves that more than half of American citizens are willing to take a step forward for the promotion of a healthy nation. Writers like Baertlin sympathize with those who are in the center of the public health crisis today, specifically â€Å"overweight adolescents who are starting to suffer problems that used to plague middle-aged adults† (1). Baertlin herself is in favor of administering fat taxes and is certain that levies on fattening foods are an essential factor of any anti-obesity endeavor. The food industry plays a large part in the causes of obesity. Most food companies are culpable of false advertisement, which swallows consumers into their too-good-to-be-true trends. Journalist Karlee Weinmann contributed a piece to Business Insider concerning food companies’ false advertisement. In the article â€Å"14 False Advertising Scandals That Cost Brands Millions†, Weinmann states that for companies that cross the line to making false claims, it can cost millions of dollars, while also having to face public negativity. However, even with all this said, will companies modify their marketing policies for the greater good, or will they uphold their profits as far more important than a consumer’s right to know the truth? More than likely, most brands will continue to false advertise their products, which is why these people in this group believe that fat taxes are efficient in lowering consumption of soda and other health-stripping foods. According to Weinmann, â€Å"there’s a big difference between pushing the truth and making false claims. Is a product really ‘scientifically proven’, and are ‘results guaranteed’? † (Weinmann 1). Food brands such as Activia yogurt, Splenda, Kashi, and Eclipse gum have been caught with such false advertisement scandals; the more unhealthy the food really is, the more beneficial its company would make it seem. Writers like Weinmann identify with those who have been misled by deceitful food claims made by the companies they trusted. Therefore, supporters of fat taxes are certain that the implementation of fat taxes would solve these complications by creating more awareness and heedfulness when consumers purchase junk foods. The second position is the promotion of health education and that one’s food choice should not be hindered or influenced to reduce obesity. The people who stand in this position believe that an individual should have choices in the items he or she buy, and be guilt-free. In the article â€Å"Childhood Obesity: A Global Public Health Issue† published in International Journal of Preventive Medicine†, writer Amar Kanekar states that the main cause of childhood obesity in today’s public health crisis in both developed and underdeveloped countries is because of the disproportion between the child’s caloric intake and the calories effectively used for growth/development and physical activities. To these people, what we eat is not the sole reason of the cause of obesity; genetic, behavioral, and environmental are all constituents of childhood obesity. Moreover, many health-related risks are present when a child is obese; negative body-image and low self-esteem inevitably result in psychological and social issues. Cardiovascular disease, increased cholesterol levels, and high blood pressure are all possible potential health risks involved and that there is, indeed, â€Å"preventive programs that help regulate obesity by educating individuals about healthy nutrition and diseases† (Kanekar 2). According to a report presented from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, in the years of 2007-2008, there was an estimation that â€Å"16. % of children and adolescent in the age group of 2-19 years were obese†¦The data collected for the same period shows that the adolescent (age group 12-19 years) obesity has increased from 5. 0 to 18. 1%† (2). By letting people know about health hazards and the importance of physical exercise, the chance of obesity could greatly decrease. Those who are pro-food-choice would si de with Kanekar in that they believe there should not be any direct government intervention with food costs, but that there should be a public informing of the effects commonly eaten unhealthy foods would result in. Kanekar, Baertlin, and Weinmann all believe that the prevalence of obesity seen in children and adults is increasing and that some form of action must be done. While these writers see and support the benefits of the reduction of junk food intake, Kanekar is more focused on declaring health education, with the hope of lowering BMI and the rate of weight gain. All three authors recognize the importance of lowering consumption of fatty foods, but the position here does not endorse the advocating of fat taxes. The third position is lowering the costs of healthy foods. The people who stand in this position believe that by decreasing the costs of healthful foods sold, there would be a habit shift in the people’s purchases of fatty foods to foods that are much more nutritional. Journalist Katherine Bauer published an article entitled â€Å"Price and Availability Matter† in Room for Debate, a running commentary by outside contributors from The New York Times, where she states the â€Å"lack of access to high quality, reasonably priced fruits and vegetables and other healthful foods has been associated with poorer diets and, in many cases, higher risk for obesity. This is especially true among lower-income individuals whose purchasing habits are more sensitive to the cost of food† (Bauer 1). There is strong evidence that shows a clear impact between change in food access and the pricing on one’s purchasing habits. For example, there are programs that decrease the cost of healthier foods, which resulted in the increased purchasing of the healthier foods. Cheaper prices on healthy foods reduce one’s weight, even if the cost of junk foods remains the same price. A news report conducted from the USDA observed the BMI of children and how it changed in correlation to food prices. It was shown that â€Å"if the price of 100% juice decreases 10%, BMIs decreased . 3%. The same process works for lowfat milk (. 35% decrease) and dark, leafy vegetables (. 28% decrease)† (2). Moreover, Bauer identifies with those who receive low-income and struggle with the purchase of healthy foods, and also with those who believe that it is not only the wealthy that ‘deserve’ the most benefits from the healthy aisles in the food market. Bauer’s views is relatively similar with Baertlin, Weinmann, and Kanekar, in that public attitudes towards obesity and obesity policy should be given much more ttention than it is now, but Bauer herself has a different approach in this matter, especially from Kanekar. She believes that health education may not be sufficient enough to cause a significant awareness in individuals that junk foods should no longer be habitually purchased. Instead, she considers the perspective that by lowering healthy foods, there would be an effective overall change in the nation’s weight and BMI and that the idea would more readily fit within one’s budget. Works Cited Page Baertlein, Lisa. â€Å"Battle lines drawn over soda, junk food taxes. † Reuters [Los Angeles] 1 Sept 2009, n. pag. Print. Katherine, Bauer. â€Å"Price and Availability Matter. † New York Times. (2011): 1-2. Web. 5 Apr. 2012. Kanekar, Amar. â€Å"Childhood Obesity: A Global Public Health Issue. † Int J Prev Med. (2011): 2. Web. 4 Apr. 2012. Weinmann, Karlee. â€Å"14 False Advertising Scandals That Cost Brands Millions. † Business Insider. (2011): 1-2. Web. 4 Apr. 2012. lt;www. businessinsider. comgt;. How to cite Mapping the Issue, Papers

Creation of Electronic Contracts Dynamic Business

Question: Describe about the Creation of Electronic Contracts for Dynamic Business. Answer: Creation of Electronic Contracts "Contract law is essentially a defensive scorched-earth battleground where the constant question is, "if my business partner was possessed by a brain-eating monster from beyond space time tomorrow, what is the worst thing they could do to me?" these words by award winning British Author Charles Stross has become an undeniable truth in this ubiquitous and dynamic business environment. With the changing business environment business owners or partners have a tool of resistance in the form of contract or agreement[1]. Over the years the mechanism of business has changed and with the induction of internet electronic businesses have emerged in the market. In this scenario the means of contracts have also undergone significant change. Before the internet age only paper was a means of writing contracts, but for electronic businesses paper contracts have been avoided which gave rise to a new form of contract that is electronic contract. The creation of electronic contract is comparatively ne w and is used in the contemporary business market[2]. The modern society relies on an economic system which is mainly based on contracts and with the emergence of the electronic businesses consumers have showed inclination in online shopping in fact to say doing online transaction which has created the need of having electronic contracts[3]. It is important to mention that with the electronic business spreading all across the world it has become very tough to maintain a proper legal relationship. Maintaining legal relationship became important and hence the concept of electronic contracts came up. According to several legal surveys it has been found that most of the consumers feel skeptic about online transactions for the absence of valid contract which established the need of electronic contract[4]. Electronic contract could be defined as the contract agreement between two or more individuals in the course of electronic transaction which acts as a formal legal contract as it contains all of the fundamental elements of the traditional contract. Generally a contract could take any form which could be verbal or written and hence an electronic contract is another form of agreement which could be used as a tool in case of any legal implication. According to the Electronic Transactions Act 1999 has facilitated the process of electronic transaction with the help of electronic communication in the form of data that is defined as the any kind of computer program as stated in the Copyright Act 1968[5]. The enforceability of online contracts in Australia has been done to facilitate online transaction looking at the booming e-commerce sector which has helped to develop the industry and provide ample support to its for nourishment. Since the concept of contracts is the basis for the exchange of goods having an effective contract is important and hence since the growth of e-commerce business has seen a rapid rise it was important to develop regulatory framework for online business and the electronic contracts rightly serves this purpose. The electronic contracts just differ by means but have all the essential elements of a valid contract[6]. The formation of an electronic contract is a vital factor to be considered here as electronic contracts have been used for the online businesses. In e-commerce people doesnt meet face to face and hence it is important to mention that there remains a strong confusion about the inclusion of the different fundamental elements of contract in the agreement[7]. A contract is considered valid or invalid based on the presence or the absence of the basic elements in the contract. In the recent years the efficiency and market accessibility of the e-commerce business has allowed the business owners a wide scope of expanding their businesses as well as it has also allowed the consumers to get their required things sitting back at home which has also added to the importance of electronic business[8]. With the rise of electronic business the essentiality of electronic contracts have risen consistently but since the parties making the contract never meet face to face it becomes extremely tough for them to consider a contract for their transaction and hence in these circumstances it becomes extremely important to assess the vitality of electronic contracts. It is important compare electronic contracts with the traditional form of contract to see its legitimateness and also its legal validity to serve the purpose of a transaction. There are two basic kinds of electronic contracts which are being used nowadays namely Click and Wrap Contract and Browse and Wrap Contract[9]. Comparison between Electronic Contracts The formation of traditional legal contract is quite similar to the formation of an electronic contract but they do have significant difference the basic elements of contract should be present in the electronic contract as well. For instance there should be a clear offer to sale and not a mere invitation to sale as shown in the case of AGC (Advances) Ltd v McWhirter (1977) 1 BLR 9454 where it was made clear that the offer by the auctioneer was a offer to treat and hence unlike this case the legal contract should have a clear offer[10]. Understanding of clear offer often becomes a problem for the consumers since the contracts have fixed place and time of making the contracts. On the other hand there should be a clear intention to create legal relations as shown in the case Administration of PNG vs. Leahy[11]. Basically it could be said that in the online world it is hard to understand the whether a visible information is an offer or not since it is not properly communicated to the oth er party regarding the terms and conditions which should be very clear in terms of offer, consideration and intention to create legal relations unlike the case Australian Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth High Court of Australia (1954) 92 CLR 424 where the plaintiff argued that there was a contract but the court held there was no contract due to the absence of the above three aspects of contract[12]. It is important to mention that key difference between traditional contracts and electronic contracts is both the parties come into consensus at idem. The e-commerce has produced number of challenges which has to be handled effectively. Hence it could be said that the biggest problem in the formation of contract is the presence of the different key elements of contract in the absence of which a contract is deemed invalid. In electronic contracts it is important to identify and assess these elements failing which it could nullify the contract made as per the Electronic Transaction Act 1999[13]. Offer and Acceptance One of the biggest confusions that prevail in the creation of an electronic contract is the presence of absence of offer. Prima facie to the concept of offer, invitation of treat was not a known concept. Both the concepts become important for the law keepers due to the constant emergence of cases where consumers became confused whether to consider one ad as the offer or invitation to treat. Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co Court of Appeal [1893] 1 QB 256; [1892] EWCA Civ 1 one of the cult cases in contract law showed the difference between an offer and invitation to treat consumers[14]. In this the court ruled that there was a valid offer as the company promised to pay reward if any one catches flu after using the smoke balls three times. When the company argued it was an invitation to treat the court stated that it was a unilateral contract from the side of company[15]. Similar legal implication could arise for the e-commerce businesses when they display their products and services for sale. The Click and Wrap contracts are those contracts which have the terms and conditions set in the same page as the I Agree button clicking on which the contract becomes valid. On the other hand the browse and wrap agreement is not an enforceable contract since it doesnt contain the terms and conditions page in the same page to agree to a particular offer or contract. Hence it is important for the consumers to be careful when they get into any sort of contract. In this kind of contract the merchants do face legal implication as they fail to show reasonable behavior towards the consumers[16]. Showing reasonability is important for every merchant especially dealing in electronic contract in order to keep that trust of the consumers failing which they could lose their business. Displays and Actual Offer There is a long standing confusion to displays being actual offers or being just invitation to treat since not all the advertisement satisfy the criteria to become an offer. This has been clearly shown in the case of Fisher v Bell 1961 that not all the advertisement could become an offer[17]. But it has been argued in the above case of Carlill vs Carbolic smoke ball that advertisements could be considered as unilateral offers and in this case once a display of a product is placed and consumer clicks on to buy it construes as an offer and in case the company fails to provide the same product the company is liable to be punished. From the above cases it could be said that perceived inconsistency lies in the fact about websites and hence it is not the fault of the law but for the lack of established facts which could have helped to determine these things effectively[18]. But to conclude it could be said that the displays are apparently an invitation to treat until and unless a consumer clicks on it to get into an agreement. Hence it could be said that the difficulty is just the matter of fact and law that hinders the decision making in electronic contracts. Withdrawal of mistaken offer Taking back a mistaken offer or rescinding it could be an arduous job for the offerors. In the recent cases it has been seen that mistaken offers were not taken very lightly by the other parties namely the consumers. It doesnt go well if any party does a misrepresentation of an offer and it can affect the relationship between both the parties getting into an agreement especially in the electronic means of business. Rescinding a mistaken offer could be done only before an offer is accepted. In this case it is same for the online transactions. If in case the online vendor makes a mistake by printing the wrong price for a product and then consumers pay for it to get that product in that case the vendor has to honor the deal as stated by the Australian Contract Law and in that case the party trying to withdraw shall be bound to pay for the damages caused to the other party[19]. For the withdrawal of an offer it is extremely important to communicate and in case it is not done the offferor might face trouble regarding the offer. However the vendor could take back the offer whenever he or she wants since the ads are basically displayed as invitation to treat and not as an offer as shown in the case of Bell v Lever Bros [1932] AC 161. As per facts it could be said that most of the mistakes made by one side doesnt affect the contract as it is considered as a unilateral mistake and hence doesnt affect the contract, whereas if the mistake is a mutual mistake made by both parties then the contract could be considered void[20]. Legal assistance for Parties The standard legal principles of contract law are applicable for online transactions. The Australian businesses have to abide by certain principles of business and the fair trade policies developed by the Australian Competition and Commission in support with Australian Competition and Consumer Act 2010 which also applies to the e-commerce businesses. The ACCC focuses to develop a strong platform to safeguard the rights of its consumers by contracting the persons with whom the contracts have been made. The consumers are open to seek legal actions in case they feel cheated or betrayed. Overall it could be said that the party affected in online transaction could get legal support from Australian Competition and Consumer Commission as per the Consumer act of 2010[21]. Existing issues in the creation of electronic contracts There are number of issues with electronic contracts which have to be addressed by the Australian Government with the help of Electronic Transaction Act 1999. The main issue of offer and acceptance stay there since the merchants precisely fix the time and place of the agreement thus determining the jurisdiction of the contract. Offer in electronic business could be misleading and hence it becomes tough for the consumers to understand which one is an offer and which an invitation to treat is. With the e-commerce business expanding it has become tough for the government to understand the jurisdiction for keeping the law intact and finally the enforceability of online contract still have confusions which has to be addressed to continue electronic business. It could be concluded by stating an old aphorism Prevention is better than cure to properly go ahead with the electronic contracts to avoid any legal issues[22]. Bibliography Bakos, Y., Marotta-Wurgler, F., Trossen, D. R.. Does anyone read the fine print? Consumer attention to standard form contracts.(2014) Journal of Legal Studies. Bonell, M. J. An international restatement of contract law: (the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 2009). Chrysostome, E., Rosson, P. The internet and SME internationalisation: promises and illusions.(2009). Journal for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development. Cole, J., Milosevic, Z. Extending support for contracts in ebXML. InAustralian Computer Science Communications. (IEEE Computer Society. 2001, January). Davidson, A.The law of electronic commerce. (Cambridge University Press. 2009) Gindin, S. E.. Nobody reads your privacy policy or online contract: Lessons learned and questions raised by the FTC's action against Sears.(Nw. J. Tech. Intell. Prop.,8, 1. 2009) Governatori, G., Pham, D. H. Dr-contract: An architecture for e-contracts in defeasible logic (2009)..International Journal of Business Process Integration and Management. Hillman, R. A.The richness of contract law: An analysis and critique of contemporary theories of contract law(Vol. 28). (Springer Science Business Media. 2012) Hillman, R. Principles of Contract Law, ( 3d Concise Hornbook Series. West Academic. 2013). McKendrick, E..Contract law: text, cases, and materials. (Oxford University Press UK 2014). Murray, A. D..Entering into contracts electronically: the real www. (Hart Publishing. 2012) Nottage, L.. Consumer law reform in Australia: Contemporary and comparative constructive criticism.(2009). Queensland U. Tech. L. Just. J.,9, 111. Paterson, J. M.. The Australian Unfair Contract Terms Law: The Rise of Substantive Unfairness as a Ground for Review of Standard Form Consumer Contracts (2009).Melbourne University Law Review,33(3). Schaffer, R., Agusti, F., Dhooge, L. J., Earle, B International business law and its environment. (Cengage learning. 2011). Twigg-Flesner, C. The Europeanisation of contract law: current controversies in law. (Routledge. 2013). Case Laws AGC (Advances) Ltd v McWhirter (1977) 1 BLR 9454 Administration of PNG vs. Leahy Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth High Court of Australia (1954) 92 CLR 424 Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co Court of Appeal [1893] 1 QB 256; [1892] EWCA Civ 1 Fisher v Bell 1961 Bell v Lever Bros [1932] AC 161

The Classification of Cultures Essay Example For Students

The Classification of Cultures Essay Sam Vaknins Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web SitesCulture is a hot topic. Scholars (Fukoyama, Huntington, to mention but two) disagree about whether this is the end of history or the beginning of a particularly nasty chapter of it. What makes cultures tick and why some of them tick discernibly better than others is the main bone of contention. We can view cultures through the prism of their attitude towards their constituents : the individuals they are comprised of. More so, we can classify them in accordance with their approach towards humanness, the experience of being human. We will write a custom essay on The Classification of Cultures specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Some cultures are evidently anthropocentric others are anthropo-transcendental. These two lingual coins need elaboration to be fully comprehended. A culture which cherishes the human potential and strives to create the conditions needed for its fullest materialization and manifestation is an anthropocentric culture. Such striving is the top priority, the crowning achievement, the measuring rod of such a culture, its attainment its criterion of success or failure. On the other pole of the dichotomy we find cultures which look beyond humanity. This transcendental look has multiple purposes. Some cultures want to transcend human limitations, others to derive meaning, yet others to maintain social equilibrium. But what is common to all of them regardless of purpose is the subjugation of human endeavour, of human experience, human potential, all things human to this transcendence. Granted : cultures resemble living organisms. They evolve, they develop, they procreate. None of them was created the way it is today. Cultures go through Differential Phases wherein they re-define and re-invent themselves using varied parameters. Once these phases are over the results are enshrined during the Inertial Phases. The Differential Phases are period of social dislocation and upheaval, of critical, even revolutionary thinking, of new technologies, new methods of achieving set social goals, identity crises, imitation and differentiation. They are followed by phases of a diametrically opposed character :Preservation, even stagnation, ritualism, repetition, rigidity, emphasis on structures rather than contents. Anthropocentric cultures have differential phases which are longer than the inertial ones. Anthropotranscendental ones tend to display a reverse pattern. This still does not solve two basic enigmas :What causes the transition between differential and inertial phases ?Why is it that anthropocentricity coincides with differentiation and progress / evolution while other types of cultures with an inertial framework ?A culture can be described by using a few axes :Distinguishing versus Consuming culturesSome cultures give weight and presence (though not necessarily equal) to each of their constituent elements (the individual and social structures). Each such element is idiosyncratic and unique. Such cultures would accentuate attention to details, private enterprise, initiative, innovation, entrepreneurship, inventiveness, youth, status symbols, consumption, money, creativity, art, science and technology. These are the things that distinguish one individual from another. Other cultures engulf their constituents, assimilate them to the point of consumption. They are deemed, a priori, to be redundant, their worth a function of their actual contribution to the whole. Such cultures emphasize generalizations, stereotypes, conformity, consensus, belonging, social structures, procedures, forms, undertakings involving the labour or other input of human masses. Future versus Past Oriented CulturesSome cultures look to the past real or imaginary for inspiration, motivation, sustenance, hope, guidance and direction. These cultures tend to direct their efforts and resources and invest them in what IS. They are, therefore, bound to be materialistic, figurative, substantive, earthly. They are likely to prefer old age to youth, old habits to new, old buildings to modern architecture, etc. This preference of the Elders (a term of veneration) over the Youngsters (a denigrating term) typifies them strongly. These cultures are likely to be risk averse. .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef , .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef .postImageUrl , .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef , .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef:hover , .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef:visited , .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef:active { border:0!important; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef:active , .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Breakfast Club EssayOther cultures look to the future always projected for the same reasons. These cultures invest their efforts and resources in an ephemeral future (upon the nature or image of which there is no agreement or certainty). These cultures are, inevitably, more abstract (living in an eternal Gedankenexperiment), more imaginative, more creative (having to design multiple scenarios just to survive). They are also more likely to have a youth cult : to prefer the young, the new, the revolutionary, the fresh to the old, the habitual, the predictable. They are be risk-centered and risk-assuming cultures. Static Versus Dynamic (Emergent) CulturesConsensus versus Conflictual CulturesSome cultures are more cohesive, coherent, rigid and well-bounded and constrained. As a result, they will maintain an unchanging nature and be static. They discourage anything which could unbalance them or perturb their equilibrium and homeostasis. These cultures encourage consensus-building, teamwork, togetherness and we-ness, mass experiences, social sanctions and social regulation, structured socialization, peer loyalty, belonging, homogeneity, identity formation through allegiance to a group. These cultures employ numerous self-preservation mechanisms and strict hierarchy, obedience, discipline, discrimination (by sex, by race, above all, by age and familial affiliation). Other cultures seem more ruffled, arbitrary, or disturbed. They are pluralistic, heterogeneous and torn. These are the dynamic (or, fashionably, the emergent) cultures. They encourage conflict as the main arbiter in the social and economic spheres (the invisible hand of the market or the American checks and balances), contractual and transactional relationships, partisanship, utilitarianism, heterogeneity, self fulfilment, fluidity of the social structures, democracy. Exogenic-extrinsic Meaning CulturesVersus Endogenic-intrinsic Meaning CulturesSome cultures derive their sense of meaning, of direction and of the resulting wish-fulfillment by referring to frameworks which are outside them or bigger than them. They derive meaning only through incorporation or reference. The encompassing framework could be God, History, the Nation, a Calling or a Mission, a larger Social Structure, a Doctrine, an Ideology, or a Value or Belief System, an Enemy, a Friend, the Future anything qualifies which is bigger and outside the meaning-seeking culture. Other cultures derive their sense of meaning, of direction and of the resulting wish fulfilment by referring to themselves and to themselves only. It is not that these cultures ignore the past they just do not re-live it. It is not that they do not possess a Values or a Belief System or even an ideology it is that they are open to the possibility of altering it. While in the first type of cultures, Man is meaningless were it not for the outside systems which endow him with meaning In the latter the outside systems are meaningless were it not for Man who endows them with meaning. Virtually Revolutionary Culturesversus Structurally-Paradigmatically Revolutionary CulturesAll cultures no matter how inert and conservative evolve through the differential phases. These phases are transitory and, therefore, revolutionary in nature. Still, there are two types of revolution :The Virtual Revolution is a change (sometimes, radical) of the structure while the content is mostly preserved. It is very much like changing the hardware without changing any of the software in a computer. The other kind of revolution is more profound. It usually involves the transformation or metamorphosis of both structure and content. In other cases, the structures remain intact but they are hollowed out, their previous content replaced by new one. This is a change of paradigm (superbly described by the late Thomas Kuhn in his masterpiece: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions). The Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome Differentiating FactorAs a result of all the above, cultures react with shock either to change or to its absence. A taxonomy of cultures can be established along these lines:Those cultures which regard change as a trauma and those who traumatically react to the absence of change, to paralysis and stagnation. .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab , .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab .postImageUrl , .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab , .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab:hover , .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab:visited , .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab:active { border:0!important; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab:active , .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Game Of Sports Marketing EssayThis is true in every sphere of life : the economic, the social, in the arts, the sciences. Neurotic Adaptive versus Normally Adaptive CulturesThis is the dividing line:Some cultures feed off fear and trauma. To adapt, they developed neuroses. Other cultures feed off hope and love they have adapted normally. Neurotic Cultures Normal CulturesConsuming DistinguishingPast Oriented Future OrientedStatic Dynamic (Emergent)Consensual ConflictiveExogenic-Extrinsic Endogenic-IntrinsicVirtual Revolutionary Structurally-Paradigmatically RevolutionaryPTSS reaction to change PTSS reaction to stagnation So, are these types of cultures doomed to clash, as the current fad goes or can they cohabitate ?It seems that the Neurotic cultures are less adapted to win the battle to survive. The fittest are those cultures flexible enough to respond to an ever changing world and at an ever increasing pace, at that. The neurotic cultures are slow to respond, rigid and convulsive. Being past-orientated means that they emulate and imitate the normal cultures but only when they have become part of the past. Alternatively, they assimilate and adopt some of the attributes of the past of normal cultures. This is why a traveller who visits a neurotic culture (and is coming from a normal one) often has the feeling that he has been thrust to the past, that he is experiencing a time travel. A War of Cultures is, therefore, not very plausible. The neurotic cultures need the normal cultures. The latter are the generators of the formers future. A normal cultures past is a neurotic cultures future. Deep inside, the neurotic cultures know that something is wrong with them, that they are ill-adapted. That is why members of these cultural spheres entertain overt emotions of envy, hostility even hatred coupled with explicit sensations of inferiority, inadequacy, disappointment, disillusionment and despair. The eruptive nature (the neurotic rage) of these cultures is exactly the result of these inner turmoils. On the other hand, soliloquy is not action, often it is a substitute to it. Very few neurotic cultures are suicidal and then for very brief periods of time. To forgo the benefits of learning from the experience of normal cultures how to survive would be suicidal, indeed. This is why I think that the transition to a different cultural model, replete with different morals, will be completed with success. But it will not eliminate all pervious models I foresee cohabitation.

World War II List of Battles By Year and Theater

World War II List of Battles By Year and Theater World War II: Conferences Aftermath | World War II: 101 | World War II: Leaders People The battles of the World War II were fought across the globe from the fields of Western Europe and the Russian plains to the China and the waters of the Pacific. Beginning in 1939, these battles caused massive destruction and loss of life and elevated to prominence places that had previously been unknown. As a result, names such as Stalingrad, Bastogne, Guadalcanal, and Iwo Jima became eternally entwined with images of sacrifice, bloodshed, and heroism. The most costly and far-reaching conflict in history, World War II saw an unprecedented number of engagements as the Axis and Allies sought to achieve victory. The battles of World War II are largely divided into the European Theater (Western Europe), Eastern Front, Mediterranean/North Africa Theater, and the Pacific Theater. During World War II, between 22 and 26 million men were killed in battle as each side fought for their chosen cause. World War II Battles by Year and Theater 1939 September 3-May 8, 1945 - Battle of the Atlantic - Atlantic Ocean December 13 - Battle of the River Plate - South America 1940 February 16 - Altmark Incident - European Theater May 25-June 4 - Dunkirk Evacuation - European Theater July 3 - Attack on Mers el Kebir - North Africa July-October - Battle of Britain - European Theater September 17 - Operation Sea Lion (Invasion of Britain) - Postponed - European Theater November 11/12 - Battle of Taranto - Mediterranean December 8-February 9 - Operation Compass - North Africa 1941 March 27-29 - Battle of Cape Matapan - Mediterranean April 6-30 - Battle of Greece - Mediterranean May 20-June 1 - Battle of Crete - Mediterranean May 24 - Battle of the Denmark Strait - Atlantic September 8-January 27, 1944 - Siege of Leningrad - Eastern Front October 2-January 7, 1942 - Battle of Moscow - Eastern Front December 7 - Attack on Pearl Harbor - Pacific Theater December 8-23 - Battle of Wake Island - Pacific Theater December 8-25 - Battle of Hong Kong - Pacific Theater December 10 - Sinking of Force Z - Pacific Theater 1942 January 7-April 9 - Battle of Bataan - Pacific Theater January 31-February 15 - Battle of Singapore - Pacific Theater February 27 - Battle of the Java Sea - Pacific Theater April 18 - Doolittle Raid - Pacific Theater March 31-April 10 - Indian Ocean Raid - Pacific Theater May 4-8 - Battle of the Coral Sea - Pacific Theater May 5-6 - Battle of Corregidor - Pacific Theater May 26-June 21 - Battle of Gazala - North Africa June 4-7 - Battle of Midway - Pacific Theater July 1-27 - First Battle of El Alamein - North Africa August 7-February 9, 1943 - Battle of Guadalcanal - Pacific Theater August 9-15 - Operation Pedestal - Relief of Malta - Mediterranean August 9 - Battle of Savo Island - Pacific Theater August 19 - Dieppe Raid - European Theater August 24/25 - Battle of the Eastern Solomons - Pacific Theater August 25-September 7 - Battle of Milne Bay - Pacific August 30-September 5 - Battle of Alam Halfa - North Africa July 17-February 2, 1943 - Battle of Stalingrad - Eastern Front October 11/12 - Battle of Cape Esperance - Pacific Theater October 23-November 5 - Second Battle of El Alamein - North Africa November 8-16 - Naval Battle of Casablanca - North Africa October 25-26 - Battle of Santa Cruz - Pacific Theater November 8 - Operation Torch - North Africa November 12-15 - Naval Battle of Guadalcanal - Pacific Theater November 27 - Operation Lila Scuttling of the French Fleet - Mediterranean November 30 - Battle of Tassafaronga - Pacific Theater 1943 January 29-30 - Battle of Rennell Island - Pacific Theater February 19-25 - Battle of Kasserine Pass - North Africa February 19-March 15 - Third Battle of Kharkov - Eastern Front March 2-4 - Battle of the Bismarck Sea - Pacific Theater April 18 - Operation Vengeance (Yamamoto Shot Down) - Pacific Theater April 19-May 16 - Warsaw Ghetto Uprising - Eastern Front May 17 - Operation Chastise (Dambuster Raids) - European Theater July 9-August 17 - Invasion of Sicily - Mediterranean July 24-August 3 - Operation Gomorrah (Firebombing Hamburg) - European Theater August 17 - Schweinfurt-Regensburg Raid - European Theater September 3-16 - Invasion of Italy - European Theater September 26 - Operation Jaywick - Pacific Theater November 2 - Battle of Empress Augusta Bay - Pacific Theater November 20-23 - Battle of Tarawa - Pacific Theater November 20-23 - Battle of Makin - Pacific Theater December 26 - Battle of the North Cape - Atlantic Ocean 1944 January 22-June 5 - Battle of Anzio - Mediterranean January 31-February 3 - Battle of Kwajalein - Pacific Theater February 17-18 - Operation Hailstone (Attack on Truk) - Pacific Theater February 17-May 18 - Battle of Monte Cassino - European Theater March 17-23 - Battle of Eniwetok - Pacific Theater March 24/25 - The Great Escape - European Theater June 4 - Capture of U-505 - European Theater June 6 - Operation Deadstick (Pegasus Bridge) - European Theater June 6 - D-Day - Invasion of Normandy - European Theater June 6-July 20 - Battle of Caen - European Theater June 15-July 9 - Battle of Saipan - Pacific Theater June 19-20 - Battle of the Philippine Sea - Pacific Theater July 21-August 10 - Battle of Guam - Pacific Theater July 25-31 - Operation Cobra - Breakout from Normandy - European Theater August 12-21 - Battle of the Falaise Pocket  - European Theater August 15-September 14 - Operation Dragoon - Invasion of Southern France - European Theater September 15-November 27 - Battle of Peleliu - Pacific Theater September 17-25 - Operation Market-Garden - European Theater October 23-26 - Battle of Leyte Gulf December 16-January 25, 1945 - Battle of the Bulge - European Theater 1945 February 9 - HMS Venturer sinks U-864 - European Theater February 13-15 - Dresden Bombing - European Theater February 16-26 - Battle of Corregidor (1945) - Pacific Theater February 19-March 26 - Battle of Iwo Jima - Pacific Theater April 1-June 22 - Battle of Okinawa - Pacific Theater March 7-8 - Bridge at Remagen - European Theater March 24 - Operation Varsity - European Theater April 7 - Operation Ten-Go - Pacific Theater April 16-19 - Battle of the Seelow Heights - Eurpean Theater April 16-May 2 - Battle of Berlin - European Theater April 29-May 8 - Operations Manna Chowhound - European Theater    World War II: Conferences Aftermath | World War II: 101 | World War II: Leaders People