Business Entity Regulations Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Entity Regulations Paper - Essay Example Next comes the most significant part. In the event that it is as sole ownership or general organization, the substance probably won't require enrollments yet in the event that it as Corporations, LLCs or LLPs or restricted associations, it requires business filings with the Kansas Secretary of State. Likewise, if the business is as organization (constrained or restricted risk), non-benefit, restricted obligation organization or a partnership, the substance must be enrolled with the State of Kansas. The business element is conceded an Employer Identification Number (EIN) which is a government charge recognizable proof number. It is basic for the businesses to have EIN before they enlist any individual. Aside from these required variables, the element additionally must be enrolled for the state expenses and attempt to get organizations licenses and allows from the state just as the nearby governments to work legitimately. Last however not the least, for the new companies, direction are given to enlist the representatives at the primary spot. The yearly filling report can be acquired electronically or on the web. At the beginning, the name of the business substance and the distinguishing proof number of business ID according to Secretary of State’s record must be entered. The business substance (Lario Oil and Natural Gas for this situation) ought to have reprobate and dynamic status to record on the web. Likewise the business element must have Mastercard office and financial records. As the Lario Oil and Gas Company is a benefit element, it needs to pay a level charge of USD 50. The due date for the yearly report can be found by leading a business element search or reaching the workplace of the Secretary of State. The other significant part of the system is that the online alternative is relevant just to the organizations having addresses at the United States and Canada. In the event that the organization has address in any of different countries, it needs to mail the yearly report in paper archive to the

LLM in Construction Law

Question: Talk about theConstruction Contract Law for Quashquell Construction. Answer: Issue and Facts QQ is an enlisted property designer situated in UK which in wake of the Brexit choice and diminished interest had chosen in October 2015 that their present place of business at Salford would be exchanged. The firm chose to move to another office on March 1, 2016 arranged in Hull where it bought an old Victorian structure. There was prerequisite of significant renovation in this structure combined with another focal warming framework. For the renovation works, QQ granted an agreement to Retro Salvagers Ltd (RSL). As a feature of the hidden agreement among QQ and RSL, it was concurred that the works must be done by February 25, 2016 as the empty old office must be given over to the new purchaser. Further, moving over to the new office was feasible for QQ just when repair was finished. Moreover, the agreement additionally indicated that any postponement in culmination by RSL would prompt a decline in the installment made at the pace of 4.5% of agreement cost every day. RSL couldn't comp lete the work on schedule and thus QQ needed to move activities to a lodging which happened to be arranged in the close by territory. There was a postponement of ten days during which the all out misfortune borne by QQ was 4,700 as far as lease and 5,000 in benefits. For focal warming framework, Dapar Heating Systems Ltd (DHS) was drawn closer by QQ for a statement. For the warming framework proposed by DHS, QQ had a great deal of inquiries about the vitality productivity of the proposed framework however the agent from DHS that the framework has predominant vitality proficiency and establishment cost would be recoverable inside two years. QQ was intrigued by this viewpoint and chose to go into an agreement with DHS with the cut-off date of establishment being fixed at 25th February. According to the agreement, any deferral over this date regardless of the time would prompt a singular amount punishment of 1200. The designers of DHS were pre-busy with another work and consequently there was a deferral in the establishment of the framework. The framework was just introduced seven days after the companys office got operational. Accordingly, QQ needed to acquire steady expenses to the tune of 400 every day. The warming framework introduced broke down again following three weeks and henceforth for seven days the versatile radiators must be sent by QQ. Later on a physical review being led by free master, it was uncovered that the warming framework had establishment issues and furthermore had a place with the lower end of the vitality effectiveness. Because of a gas spill, there was a blast in the warming framework and made misfortune the organization other than the representatives. The center issue is to exhortation QQ corresponding to the potential cases against RSL and DHS thinking about the above realities. Law There are basically two viewpoints in the above case. One identifies with the deferral in the development for which express arrangement has been remembered for the executed agreement with the applicable gatherings. Considering the significance of time in development contracts, there is normally an express arrangement present in such agreements to manage the postponement in development. If there should arise an occurrence of not finishing the development at a specific date laid out in the agreement, harms may should be payable by the contractual worker to the customer. These harms are known as sold harms (LD). The LD provision will in general be valuable for the business as the cash indicated could be asserted without really demonstrating the degree of misfortune and furthermore ignores whether preventive measures were taken by the business or not. For the temporary worker, LD statement prompts the obsession of the greatest obligation that would should be borne if there should be an occurrence of any postponements. The LD proviso is typically maintained by the courts[1]. Nonetheless, it is basic that the LD proviso must be founded on a sensible gauge of the conceivable misfortune caused by the b usiness. The English courts don't take into consideration a punishment to be demanded and in such cases may mediate Also, it is basic that the concurred technique as expressed in the agreement with respect to sees and different conventions should be trailed by the business. Further, the business ought not have been answerable for the deferral caused because of confined access to premises, adjusting administration principles in the agreement fruition and different postponements for which the temporary worker can't be held responsible[2]. In addition, there is a second worry corresponding to the non-execution of legally binding obligations by the temporary worker concerning DHS. In this respects, it is basic that if there is dependence of the business on the aptitude of contractual worker in the determination of merchandise or materials which are of essential quality measures, at that point the concerned material proposed by the temporary worker ought to be suitable for the utilization indicated by the customer or employer[3]. This is obvious from the decision made in the Young Marten v. McManus Childs[4] case. According to this case, the offended party bought tiles following up on the counsel of the appealing party. Be that as it may, consequently these records were not seen as merchantable because of the idle assembling deformity that these contained. This was in spite of the way that there no express proviso identified with readiness for reason remembered for the contract[5]. In any case, it is basic to take note o f this isn't the situation when the customer has looked for a specialist counsel before settling on a decision. This is obvious from the choice made in the Rotherham MBC v. Haslam Milan Co Ltd[6] case. Likewise, according to the merchandise or administrations gave, it is basic to agree to the arrangements of the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 despite the fact that the equivalent may not be explicitly expressed in the ordered agreement. In any case, so as to maintain a strategic distance from the equivalent, it is suggested that normalized structures be utilized by the contracting gatherings to go into a legally binding relationship[7]. Moreover, with respect to carelessness in giving the essential standard of administration, it is very conceivable that the temporary worker may owe commitments to the business both under agreement law and tort law, a circumstance alluded to as simultaneous liabilities[8]. In such manner, Robinson v. PE Jones (Contractors) Ltd[9] case is profoundly critical. For this situation, it was featured that because of agreement, it couldn't be expected that the contractual worker likewise owes an obligation to mind naturally. In any case, an elective perspective is given by the choice reached out in Barclays Bank plc v Fairclough Building LtdNo 2[10] situation where the simultaneous obligation of the temporary worker was maintained and it was decided that obligation to mind consequently emerges in such cases. Subsequently, there is still discussion regarding the matter of simultaneous liabilities. In any case, in examples, where the imperfection in development is not kidding to the point that it has prompted genuine injury, at that point the simply monetary misfortune could likewise be considered[11]. Application In view of the given realities and the pertinent law, the main issue identifies with the exchanged harms. Despite the fact that exchanged harms are for the most part enforceable, they should be started with the goal to recoup the conceivable misfortunes and not be corrective in nature. Concerning the LD provision in the agreement with RSL, the predetermined LD is 4.5% of the agreement worth or 4.5% of 50,000 which adds up to 2,250. Notwithstanding, in fact the misfortune endured by QQ because of deferral is 970. Obviously, there is a colossal distinction between the two sums and consequently it appears to be likely that the court may not authorize the LD provision as there is a punishment component included by QQ. In any case, there is no data for the situation to recommend that the postponement by RSL was by virtue of any obstruction or modification of value norms by QQ. Consequently, RSL can't guarantee any guard in such manner and would need to represent sensible liquidation harms . In the event of DHS, it is evident that the exchanged harms in the agreement are more than sensible and thus there is no reformatory pay associated with the equivalent. Be that as it may, thinking about the idea of the condition, if the postponement was of lesser term and the misfortune acquired by QQ was impressively lesser, it is very conceivable that the equivalent could have been challenged by DHS. Moreover, it is clear that with respect to the vitality productivity of the warming framework, QQ depended on the counsel from DHS. In any case, assessment from free master later uncovered that the case of DHS with respect to productivity wasn't right. Consequently, in accordance with the choice made in Young Marten v. McManus Childs case, QQ may guarantee installments for the poor vitality effectiveness of the framework. This is in spite of the nonattendance of an express provision seeing vitality effectiveness as it was a noteworthy worry for QQ as evident from the discussions. Moreo ver, harms may likewise be guaranteed for the failures in establishment by DHS whereby it was normal that the contractual worker would consent to the arrangements of the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 and along these lines ought to have guaranteed that no breaches would have been done in establishment of the framework. Likewise, it is evident in the given case that because of the carelessness in the establishment of the warming framework as set up by a free master, there was conceivable spillage of gas which in the end prompted the blast which other than making injury the workers has additionally caused financial misfortune as property being harmed because of blast. In light of the case realities, it appears to be evident that the business QQ might have done nothing to maintain a strategic distance from the equivalent and was not likewise mindful of the establishment deformity when the blast happened. Thus, QQ may likewise guarantee harms for the recuperation of the misfortune to property caused because of the blast refering to the decision conveyed in the Barclays Bank plc v Fairclough Building LtdNo 2 case. Sally and Sean: Issue DHS has mistakenly introduced the warming framework and because of a gas release, the warming framework detonates which brings about genuine wounds caused to Sally and Sean. The center issue is to offer them exhortation dependent on the above fa

FourFiveUnits

FourFiveUnits tl;dr: Look how empty my Firehose is compared to the other bloggers: Hello dear readers. In keeping with the trend of bloggers posting their classes this semester, I thought I would show off how naked and empty my schedule is. The truth is, however, like any MIT student with blocks of free time, none of those empty hours will ever be spent doing nothing. In fact, I think this will be one of my busiest semesters so far. I have been Doing nonstop. I think it might be a personality thing. I tend to pick up new activities to fill any available time, like a gas expanding to fill its container. I am enrolled in 45 units, which is 3 units less than a /typical courseload/ but 9 units more than the minimum number of units required to maintain full-time status. Its still four classes. According to course evaluations from previous years, these classes will amount to about 28 hours of classwork per week, including the time spent in lecture. I will admit that this is a relatively low number (considering MIT translates 1 unit as roughly equivalent to 1 hour of classwork, so a typical 48-unit semester should take about 48 hours out of your week), but then again that estimate is based on an average of student responses to the question How many hours did you spend per week? I tend to spend more time than the average MIT student working on things, so its healthy for my brain and GPA to have a little bit more free time in the week. I am realizing now that this doesnt exactly mesh with the thing I said earlier about filling up the empty parts of my schedule with activities. Call me out i f you must, but if Im playing one-gotta-go with my various commitments, I tend to punt a pset before I punt anything else. Here are what those numbers on the colored rectangles mean and why I am taking them: 7.29: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. Im taking this class as a follow-up to last semesters 9.01 Intro to Neuroscience, since I didnt get much bio out of that one. It also fulfills one of my required biology restricted electives. Since Im 7A (a sort of biology-flex degree that allows me to explore other subject areas), I decided to work on an informal focus in neurobiology01 In a world where I passed 6.00, I am a course 9. That is not, however, this world, so I will accept my course 7 identity. since brains are really interesting, or at least thats what mine thinks. 7.06: Cell Biology. This is the last of my non-elective course 7 requirements (a single tear rolling down my cheek). Go figure, its also allegedly the hardest one, with 5.12 coming the closest to dethroning it. In this class, I will learn about cell organization, information processing in the cell, signal transduction, cytoskeleton organization (organelles n things), and cell specialization. So far the worst thing about this class has been that it starts at 9:30 am. 7.49: Developmental Neurobiology. Another bio restricted elective. How are brane formed? Blastula, gastrula, wow frog eggs are way bigger02 still only ~1 mm than human eggs, Spemann organizer, BMP, is this factor directly causing this process or is it inhibiting an inhibitor of the process, neural plate, neural tube, neural crest cells, vegetal pole, cutting things off and attaching them elsewhere, how is this process not constantly going wrong, we can cut things with baby hairs. 9.28: Current Topics in Developmental Neurobiology. This is a 9-unit CI-M that is essentially just giving two 20-minute presentations on recent papers from the field at the end of the 7.49 lecture. That sounds incredibly easy, thought the reader, not realizing that the author is terrible at presenting. In addition to all of the above, I will be Cooking food for myself instead of ordering food or just not eating sometimes (~7 hrs/week) Working desk at my dorm for that $11 Massachusetts minimum wage (10 hrs/week) Being a DJ/producer/OTA engineer for the third year and programming co-director for the first year at WMBR (~4 hrs/week) Copy-editing and regular editing News and Career features for JYI (~2 hrs/week) Going to dinner seminars with my HASS-minded peers (including Elissa) as a Burchard Scholar (~2 hrs/week) Experimenting so hard at the Walker lab (~10 hrs/week) Seeking housing for my first Bay Area internship (~1-5 hr/week, depending on how manic I am) Writing more blogs (??? hrs/week) which seems like it will take more hours than the classes Im enrolled in. This is going to be really fun next semester when I begin the laborious task of applying to grad school. Post Tagged #classes #extracurriculars In a world where I passed 6.00, I am a course 9. That is not, however, this world, so I will accept my course 7 identity. back to text ? still only ~1 mm back to text ?

“White Man’s Burden” Essay - 905 Words

Rudyard Kipling’s 1899 poem â€Å"The White Man’s Burden† epitomizes the European man’s view on imperialism, Euro-centrism and social Darwinism. Four centuries before 1899, such ideas were briefly hinted in the letter from Christopher Columbus to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, however by 1899 these attitudes strengthened and developed fully into their complete meaning. The U.S and Europe’s imperialism in the nineteenth century were the most influential ever in the history of human civilization. The immense motive for imperialism came from social factors including religion and Social Darwinism. Missionaries frequently rushed to Africa and Asia to convert its people to Christianity. On the other hand, social Darwinism argued the survival of†¦show more content†¦Taking care indicates improvement of their culture until they reach that of the Euro-American standards which makes it clear that â€Å"The White man’s Burden† proposes that the phase after exploration is the self-centered education of the colonial population. The same month Kiplings poem was published, the Treaty of Paris was ratified and the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam were acquired by the United States while Cuba remained occupied by the military. Advocates of this acquisition gravitated to the poem and popularized it as the literary voice of benevolent assimilation. The poem makes clear Kiplings view of attitudes that allowed colonialism to proceed. Although a belief in the virtues of empire was widespread at the time, there were also many dissenters; the publication of the poem caus ed a flurry of arguments from both sides, most notably from Mark Twain and Henry James. Mark Twain asserted that Kipling wrote the poem to help persuade many doubting Americans to seize the Philippines, which seemed to be a fair point of view for that time period. In the New York Herald, October 15, 1900, Twain describes his transformation and political awakening, in the context of the Philippine-American War. He recognizes his transformation from being Pro- imperialist to Anti- imperialist. Many Anti-imperialists like Mark Twain acted on the popularity of the poem to attack the McKinley’s policies as too great a burden orShow MoreRelatedEssay of the White Mans Burden976 Words   |  4 PagesEssay of â€Å"The White Man’s Burden† (1980), Jan Needle. This is a short story by Jan Needle. We follow the teenager Tony Robertson, who really wants to be friends with immigrants and thinks very positive of the multi-cultural society. It is pretty ironic that although his amiable behavior, two Paki-stanis eventually end up beating him up. Tony is liberal, he thinks that everyone should have the same chances, and he doesn’t prejudice anyone. â€Å"He’d brought Tony up to be liberal, to reckon onRead MoreEssay The White Mans Burden and The Recessional529 Words   |  3 PagesThe White Mans Burden and The Recessional In â€Å"The White Man’s Burden† and in â€Å"The Recessional†, Kipling outlines his idealistic concept of empire which is based on service and sacrifice. England sends some of their best man to defend and help India. The white man has the mission to civilize the Indians. It is their responsibility to culture them, to put them on the right path. They are there to make India a better place to live and bring the population up to date on the style of living. ThisRead MoreThe White Mans Burden1574 Words   |  7 PagesWhat was once perceived to be ‘the white man’s burden’ has engulfed all developed nations – we’re all quixotic fools of imperialism. If you think that you’ve heard of ‘the white man’s burden’ before you’re correct, it is a poetic piece by Kipling; written in 1898 for the purpose of the US (United States). The finale verse is poignant to all: Take up the white man’s burden, have done with childish days, the lighter proffered laurel, the easy, ungrudged praise. Comes now, to search your manhood throughRead MoreImperialism: the White Mans Burden890 Words   |  4 PagesImperialism: The White Mans Burden and the The Real White Mans Burden Well in order to show how imperialism was used in the nature of those two poems, I have to define it. Imperialism is the extension of sovereignty or control by one people or state over another. The objective is the exploitation of the controlled people or state. Imperialism has four major components: economic, military (strategic), political, and humanitarian. Imperialist powers are not bound to follow the laws, internationalRead MoreWhite Mans Burden1523 Words   |  7 PagesWhite Man s Burden The movie we watched in class was called White Man s Burden. According to some sociologists the white man s burden is an unwanted burden that white men, who are in the upper part of society, must bring the minority classes up to their status. For example, if it were applied today white folks would have to help bring black folks up into a higher class. While this theory was used many years ago, it is still in consideration today. This movie took a very unique approachRead MoreEssay on Colonialism and Imperialism - The White Mans Burden1602 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism: The White Mans Burden      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In one of his most famous poems, Rudyard Kipling said, Take up the white mans burden! (146). He was only one of many who believed in the virtues of imperialism in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. During that period, imperialism was on the rise, and Africa was being swallowed up by competing European nations. The imperialists had many arguments supporting imperialism. They said it was beneficial and, in some cases, essentialRead MoreAnalysis Of Conrad s The Heart Of Darkness794 Words   |  4 Pagesan ox to till his field. When the people â€Å"sickened, became inefficient†, they went to a grove to die (Conrad). Another stereotype shown was that imperialism hurts the conquerors and those being conquered. â€Å"White Man’s Burden† by Rudyard Kipling was originally titled â€Å"The White Man s Burden: The United States and The Philippine Islands† (GMU). America took control of the Philippine government. This led to political turmoil which escalated into the Philippine-American war. In the the war, thousandsRead MoreThe Height Of Colonialism Between The 18th And 20th Century2818 Words   |  12 Pagespaintings and writings, helped construct this image of native populations as lesser beings. One such piece, a poem â€Å"The White Man’s Burden† written by English poet Rudyard Kipling in 1899 was originally written to address the dangers of empire building, but has also been taken at face value and used by imperialists as a way to promote colonialism as a noble cause: Take up the White Man s burden Send forth the best ye breed Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives need; To wait in heavy harnessRead More Comparing Colonialism and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness and Kiplings Poetry1515 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism in Heart of Darkness and Kiplings Poetry   Ã‚  Ã‚   Imperialism sprung from an altruistic and unselfish aim to take up the white mans burden1 and â€Å"wean [the] ignorant millions from their horrid ways.†2 These two citations are, of course, from Kipling’s â€Å"White Man’s Burden† and Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, respectively, and they splendidly encompass what British and European imperialism was about – at least seen from the late-nineteenth century point of view. This essay seeks to exploreRead MoreHeart of Darkness Imperialism, Hegemony, and Othering1570 Words   |  7 Pagesangry, he could have been killed. He simply did not have a win- win situation. So he chose what he thought was best for him. One of the more famous lines in â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† is, â€Å"When the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys.† What I perceived from this quote was when a white man becomes tyrant he destroys his own free will. Orwell will constantly be doing what he thinks the Burmans want. He will live as a fake. When he put himself in a hierarchy over the Burmans and

Comparison of Animism and Hinduism Essay - 1040 Words

Edward Burnett Tylor was born in 1832 and passed away in the year 1917. He was the founder of modern academic discipline of anthropology. Tylor belonged to a generation of academics and was raised in a religious family. He was a well-educated individual who began his own career in fieldwork in Mexico and ended up receiving and honorary doctorate from Oxford University where he was the keeper of the Museum. He eventually became the first Professor of Anthropology in Britain and later retired in 1909. Tylor had made different opinions on religion. He defined culture as a complex whole that consists of many attributes. Tylor also came up with an evolutionary view. This view was concerning culture and development and the fact that animism was†¦show more content†¦These two concepts are very similar to the beliefs of Hinduism. In Hinduism, they believe to continue life after death. To understand this concept you have to first grasp the idea of the soul. In Hinduism people believe in the existence of the soul. They believe the soul to be external, invisible and unchanging. Atman in Hinduism means soul in English. The believed the concept of soul (atman) to be very important in human life. Just like Animism the atman or soul is a crucial part of the human body and controls the power within. Animism is closely related to the concepts of Hinduism. In Hinduism most individuals believe that there is life after death, and that the soul(atman) doesn’t rest in peace if the spirit is displeased. As for Animism it has a similar concept. The second dogma about Animism which is the upward to the rank of powerful deities is also a similar theory comparing to Hinduism. Both theories believe in deities, which are is a supernatural, immortal being. According to Tylor he also believed that their sprits and souls not only existed in people but also existed in animals, plants and inanimate objects. He pictured these souls as vapors or shadows going from one body to another. ThisShow MoreRelated An Analytical Approach to Truth and Religion Essays6441 Words   |  26 Pagesscholars working in religious studies were presented in such a way as if they referred to truth in religion in general. However, their interest is in fact mostly (if not exclusively) restricted to the great religions of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism which all have well developed doctrines. The approach to the problem was additionally determined by the western concept of truth and the Christian view of religion. Earlier Occidental scholars retained the doctrinal model of religionRead MoreEssay on Change Analysis Chart Postclassical (600-1450 C.E.)8730 Words   |  35 PagesHeaven (Natalie) Direct Comparison: †¢ As seen by the examples of Emperor Yang Jian and Hongwu, who reigned almost eight centuries apart, the Mandate of Heaven was used as a means to create a centralized bureaucracy, and construct a more controlled, yet efficient rule. Analysis: †¢ The continued use of the the Mandate of Heaven as a means of justification of rule and primacy of leadership throughout multiple centuries of Chinese dynastic rule demonstrates the Direct Comparison: Between the years

On Civil Liberties and the Redefinition of Freedom Free Essays

An appreciation of the civil liberties and basic freedoms enjoyed by the American individual, according to Eric Foner, would be impossible without a knowledge of how the American people—generation after generation—struggled to define and demarcate the boundaries of freedom and liberty. In â€Å"The Story of American Freedom,† Foner (2002) successfully applies a mà ©lange of analytical framework ranging from structural analysis, marxist dialectical and historical materialism; to feminist and postmodern criticism to prove that â€Å"freedom has always been a terrain of conflict, subject to multiple and competing interpretations.† By analyzing freedom from a historical narrative, he aims to show â€Å"how at different periods of American history different ideas of freedom have been conceived and implemented, and how the clash between dominant and dissenting views has constantly reshaped the idea’s meaning. We will write a custom essay sample on On Civil Liberties and the Redefinition of Freedom or any similar topic only for you Order Now ’’ And because of this, the discourse of American civil liberties—borne from the American people’s love affair with the idea of freedom—will only gain relevance by identifying the â€Å"the meanings of freedom; the social conditions that make it possible; and the boundaries of freedom — the definition, that is, of who is entitled to enjoy it (Foner, 2002).† â€Å"The Birth of Civil Liberties† Indeed, the notions of civil liberties in a given society are necessarily intertwined with its cherished concept of freedom. In the book’s eight chapter, entitled â€Å"The Birth of Civil Liberties,† Foner shows that the inception of the idea of civil liberties was the outcome of the tumultuous events and crisis prior and after the World War I: the United States’ participation in the war, the   paranoia produced by the emergence of Socialist Russia, and the Great Depression following shortly after the war ended. It was at this period, with the widespread poverty amidst the growth of the United States as a major Capitalist economy; and Progressivists’ disenchantment with the illusions of state benevolence after the whole scale arrest of left-wing intellectuals, that the paradigm shift from the dominant â€Å"freedom from† into â€Å"freedom to† occurred. The ideas of social scientists as Herbert Croly, John Dewey, and William Willoughby, for med the basis of the new definition of freedom as one that does not only protect the individual from aggression, but one that actually permitted him to do things. Foner (2002) narrates the ensuing contradiction between the dominant progressivism and the emerging modern liberalism: â€Å"Effective freedom,’ wrote John Dewey, who pondered the question from the 1890s until his death in 1952, was far different from the ‘highly formal and limited concept of liberty’ as a preexisting possession of autonomous individuals that needed to be protected from outside restraint.† For effective freedom to crystallize, it was realized,   certain conditions first had to be met. Human beings (at this stage meaning White Men), for instance, though â€Å"by nature† imbued with the freedom to live comfortably, could not do so if they were impoverished. Freedom therefore required that a human being be economically secure, which meant that unemployment and starvation were seen as infringements to freedom. â€Å"The New Deal and the Redefinition of Freedom† By the 1930’s, the belief that economic security was a critical condition for exercising individual freedoms had gained significant acceptance. This is reflected in the way that the state, led by then Pres. Roosevelt,   implemented the New Deal from 1933-37, the pre-cursor of the establishment of welfare in the United States which implemented â€Å"relief,† â€Å"reform,† and â€Å"recovery† by intervening in the market and granting the demands of groups from a variety of the political spectrum. Seeking to cushion the impact of the Great Depression on the starving and unemployed majority of the American people, as well as pacify the restless from succumbing to socialist ideology, the New Deal showed the transformation of progressivism into modern liberalism, which espoused Keynesian economic models and personal freedom based on the four Rs: freedom of speech, freedom to worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. Fighting for Freedom And so it is with the rhetoric of freedom that the United States would camouflage its interests in going to the Second World War and in declaring the cold war against the socialist bloc of the USSR. Noting the irony when Pres. Roosevelt promises the world a Global New Deal based on the four freedoms while declaring its participation in the war,   Foner echoes   Dewey’s lament when he wrote in â€Å"The Meaning of Freedom in the Age of Emancipation† that:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"in our own time, we have witnessed the putative division of the planet into free and non-free worlds (with the former including many nations that might be seen as lacking in freedom) invoked to justify violations of individual liberties at home and interference with the right to self determination (Foner, 1994)† This startling realization, that â€Å"American freedom has been both a reality and a mythical ideal — a living truth for millions of Americans; a cruel mockery for others,†Ã‚  influenced the formation of racial, gender, ethnicity, and class-based reform and radical abolitionist movements whose basic slogan was that of equality and the recognition of marginalized groups, such as those for the citizenship of the Blacks, women’s suffrage in the 1960s, and the people’s right to state-sponsored provision of social services in the 1930s. Foner describes the development of emergent concepts of freedom in   the 20th century which tested and challenged the status quo:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"feminists sought to recast gender relations in order to afford women the same freedom as men, and Americans divided over whether poverty and lack of economic security should be seen as deprivations of freedom that the government had an obligation to alleviate.† The women’s vocal demands for their right to vote   and the Black and immigrant movement for civil recognition, were therefore significant efforts to redefine the inclusive and exclusive meanings of freedom since â€Å"categories of freedom defines the categories of unfreedom.†Ã‚   Foner affirms the relevance of such movements by stating that,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"those who adopt a purely ‘negative’ view of freedom as the absence of external coercion, rather than, for example, economic autonomy or political empowerment, must identify what constitutes illegitimate coercion.† It is with this contention, that â€Å"freedom has not simply been a linear progress toward a pre-ordained goal,† but rather a complex and conflicted—and sometimes even violent— struggle between the contradicting interests of groups; tainted by class, race, ethnicity, gender, and even religion, that Foner   challenges and dares his reader to attempt to redefine the confined, claustrophobic spaces of America’s state-sponsored concepts of freedom. References: Foner, Eric. The Story of American Freedom. New York: Norton, 1998. pp. 163-236 Foner, Eric, â€Å"The Meaning of Freedom in the Age of Emancipation.† The Journal of American History 81, no. 2 (Sept. 1994) p. 4. How to cite On Civil Liberties and the Redefinition of Freedom, Essay examples

Juvenile Delinquency And Society Essays - Criminology,

Juvenile Delinquency And Society Juvenile Delinquency and Society Throughout time, crime has played in an important part in the function of society. We see crime in the news everyday, in our communities, in our schools, and in some cases, even in our immediate families. Which reaches out and takes a stranglehold on the human-interest angle of the general public's mind, and makes us become enveloped in the thought processes of the modern criminal. Along these lines, the fascination with delinquent behavior and the mind of the delinquent has prompted the development of numerous theories, and the continuous, yet rigorous, study of youth behavior. But only recently has the concept of juvenile delinquency become an issue in the way crime among youth is viewed. Our society tends to hold children in special regards in most cases, and the implementation of the juvenile court system led to the development of specific theories such as neutralization, labeling, and social control theories, by people which had a first-hand interest in these juvenile delinquenc y cases. These theories help investigators, parents, family, peers, and the community, to better understand why our children do what they do. For years, factors such as gender, race, age, and social class, have been the dominant force in research studies to explain the juvenile delinquent and their actions (Hewitt and Regoli, 2000). The culture that exists today is different than the American culture twenty years ago, and in twenty years from now, American culture will have yet again, undergone a similar reconstruction. Trends in our daily trials and tribulations, affect how a youth will choose to live his or her own life, whether or not they choose what is right or wrong, or stray from the path of being a model citizen. These factors and how they interact with the relation of the theories of neutralization, labeling, and social control, is crucial to our situation, with fifteen year old Matt, who is of lower class status, and has seen himself involved in the theft of an automobile. To further evaluate this crime, I'll begin to apply these mentioned theories to explain this specific incident. In our example of the neutralization theory in regard to this crime, Matt has stolen a car, and when it comes time for him to pay the piper, or face the effects of his criminal act, more than likely, he will use some sort of neutralization technique to justify his actions. The five neutralization techniques are 1) denial or responsibility, 2) denial of injury, 3) denial of victim, 4) Condemnations of condemners, and 5) appeal to a higher loyalty (Hewitt and Regoli, 2000). As a delinquent youth, Matt comes from a lower class family, therefore, he could state that he stole the car because he needed it more than the owner. He could also state that his crime was committed just for fun. By doing this, Matt is using a very common aspect of this theory otherwise known as, a technique of neutralization (Hewitt and Regoli, 2000). Matt could very well assert that since he is a juvenile he is not going to held responsible for his actions, that the act may be ignored in the American justice syst em, though he is forgetting about the juvenile court system. The next technique he could use would involve the denial or injury, although it is still deemed a criminal act, no one was hurt in the actual crime. The delinquent neutralizes the crime by using such techniques as an explanation that can allow for exceptions to be made (Shields and Whitehall, 1994). To apply the fourth neutralization technique to this crime, Matt could possibly blame his parents or friends for his behavior. By placing the blame or cause for the crime on someone else, Matt is able to compare his behavior to that of the person that is reprimanding him, along with whatever positive or negative influence they may have. In further defense of his criminal act, Matt is also susceptible to the fifth neutralization technique, which would allow him to make his act seem somewhat appropriate by stating, for example, that his family needed the car to take a sick family member to the hospital. Any one thing that Matt co uld

Learning and Teaching essayEssay Writing Service

Learning and Teaching essayEssay Writing Service Learning and Teaching essay Learning and Teaching essayThe concepts of learning and teaching are strongly related to each other: people must learn before teaching. In the process of learning, one should understand the text and concepts provided by the teacher. It is important to understand the concepts and not just to memorize them. To analyze the specifics of teaching and learning in more detail, it is possible to review   the presentation prepared by our group. This presentation perfectly illustrates how students in the eastern educational system associate learning with memorizing, without understanding the key concepts. Students in the western educational system, on the contrary, focus more on understanding the concepts rather than memorizing them. This is more efficient because memorizing does not mean that the student mastered the concept and truly learned the information. Facts that were merely memorized might be forgotten one day, but something that a person has learned will remain in his or her mind f or a long-term period.The focus on learning instead of memorizing makes the key difference between western and eastern education. The focus of our presentation is on the benefits and advantages of both western and eastern systems and on showing the differences between these systems. We use our specific story to demonstrate the real experience of eastern education and to compare it with the western educational system (part of which we are now).This PowerPoint presentation is a strong example that conveys our own experience to other people.   In my lesson plan, I will consider the advantages of both teaching systems. The western system is more focused on activity and helps people learn things while completing various activities; in this system, students interact with teachers in a friendly manner. At the same time, the eastern system focuses on listening to the lectures more than on participating. I will do my best to incorporate both concepts in my micro-teaching lesson. I know I a m new to teaching, but I learned a lot from Lises class before preparing own micro-teaching lesson. I will prepare myself in the best way. I hope that I will succeed and that I will become a good teacher in the future.Object LessonsAfter I finished reading the article ‘Object Lessons: Thinking About Material Culture’, I found out that an artist should study the materials in the surrounding world. For example, the author presents the case of a bicycle: an artist should find out why people might study human-made objects. The students provide different answers: because we need to figure out how to make such objects, we need to find out what motivated the authors and why they actually create them. By studying other kinds of objects surrounding human beings, we can assess and understand material culture.When I finished reading the article, I decide to bring my mini-stapler as the object to Lise’s Object Lesson. The mini-stapler is my personal item that I keep in my ba g every day. I think that a mini-stapler is useful for any college student, because one can staple documents or papers together using this object. Moreover, I enjoy the compactness of the mini-stapler: this object is quite small and it is easy to keep it in a bag or in a pencil case. The design of the stapler makes it convenient for carrying and holding, and it has all the necessary functionality that we expect from this object.While studying the functions and the structure of a mini-stapler, I figured out that its structure is simple but this object can be used to apply strong pressure to staple a large set of pages together. When Lise asked us to recreate the visual representation of my object, I decided to give a new shape to my mini-stapler. I decided to make it more visually impressive and attractive. So I designed a new shape in the form of a shark for this object and used shark’s teeth to decorate the mini-stapler. The design became more impressive but the function of the stapler did not change. Staplers currently sold at the market do not have any creative shape such as the one in my design. All stapler designs are boring and blank. I want to re-create the visual representation of the stapler without changing its functions. Inventing a more impressive design and sharing this design with the world will let people consider the material culture from the visual perspective.POVThe lesson about the point of view (PoV) deals with perceiving things from the view of a child, a teen or an adult. To become a good educator, I must understand the differences between the perceptions of students of different ages. For example, a child is more impressed by color. Children enjoy using different kinds of materials for working with art; color and shape of material catch their attention. So in my artwork, I created three drawings to describe the perceptions of a child, a teen and an adult. Firstly, to represent the childs perception, I painted a bright image of fam ily with lots of colors. Human shapes are very basic and schematic, but full of love. For a teen, I depicted a teenager with his mother, because in the teens people start understanding whom they love most of all in their family. The teenager is likely to focus on one person rather on the whole family. For a teenager, the artwork will be less colorful than for a child, because a teenager knows how to mix and match colors.Lastly, the perception of an adult is detailed and has more shapes; with the help of the shapes, the artwork is enriched with more details and becomes a high-quality picture. The drawing is focused on one perception of a person or a thing. The intention of the drawing is to choose a specific angle to demonstrate the characteristics of the person or object. Furthermore, an adult will not use as many colors as a teenager. An adult will focus on one material, for example, pencil, ink or charcoal, because adults learn the technique of using different materials and know w hich one is the best for the picture.When I acquire a good understanding of the perceptions of students of all ages, I will be confident while planning lessons for my students, because it is essential to understand the characteristics and particular qualities of the students.Brittany’s Lesson PlanThe micro-teaching class is a great experience for all students. We have a chance to create own lesson plans and to see teaching formats and approaches of other people. It is very important to share experiences and to learn from each other. One of my favorite lesson plans that I still remember is the one prepared by Brittany Gerow. She did a lesson about self-portrait. It is not so engaging as Chelsea Hsus donut lesson, but the process of creating a self-portrait reminds me of high school classes. I enjoyed when the teacher of arts asked us to draw self-portraits because it is quite interesting: we have to face ourselves in front of the mirror, to draw each part of own face, to locat e all face features correctly, to understand how big own face features are, etc.In Brittany Gerow’s lesson, she used a different approach. We selected artists of different styles and we had to follow their style and use that style to make self-portraits. My selected artist was Pablo Picasso. Picassos abstract self-portrait is very famous. During the lesson Brittany taught us to understand how Picassos love to abstract shapes and exaggeration style could be used for self-portrait. Then I drew myself using abstract shapes, pictured very big red eyes, long nose and lightly colored face with blue and purple outlines. Also, I chose a different shape for the face so it was not normal anymore. The painting seemed to be like another person, not me, but I enjoyed how Pablo Picasso self-portrait approach was presented in the lesson.Ying’s Lesson PlanThe other micro-teaching lesson I would like to discuss is the lesson prepared by Ying in Performance Art. I am taking this course right now, but I am still studying the part related to making video sounds. I know that we will have Performance Art in the next semester. Ying’s lesson awoke my interest in Performance Art. In the beginning of the lesson, Ying told us to stand in the middle of the classroom and to imagine that we were flying in the sky or dancing on the floor. She made us relax in the beginning, or, in other words, focused on breaking the ice. Then we had a serious lecture about the essence of Performance Art. The performance we did in the beginning actually made me involved, so I was quite focused on the lecture. Then Ying asked students to keep writing on the paper to capture the idea of Performance Art. From this lesson, I learned that the interaction between the students and the teacher is very important for all forms of teaching and especially for art educators.

Complete Guide to the Denisovans, Newer Hominid Species

Complete Guide to the Denisovans, Newer Hominid Species The Denisovans are a recently identified hominin species, related to but different from the other two hominid species (early modern humans and Neanderthals) who shared our planet during the Middle and Upper Paleolithic periods. Archaeological evidence of the existence of Denisovans is so far limited, but genetic evidence suggests they were once widespread across Eurasia and interbred with both Neanderthals and modern humans. Key Takeaways: Denisovans Denisovan is the name of a hominid distantly related to Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans.Discovered by genomic research in 2010 on bone fragments from Denisova Cave, SiberiaEvidence is primarily genetic data from the bone and modern humans who carry the genes  Ã‚  Positively associated with the gene which allows humans to live at high altitudesA right mandible was found in a cave in the Tibetan Plateau The earliest remains were tiny fragments found in the Initial Upper Paleolithic layers of Denisova Cave, in the northwestern Altai Mountains some four miles (six kilometers) from the village of Chernyi Anui in Siberia, Russia. The fragments held DNA, and the sequencing of that genetic history  and the discovery of remnants of those genes in modern human populations  has important implications for the human habitation of our planet. Denisova Cave The first remains of the Denisovans were two teeth and a small fragment of finger-bone from Level 11 at Denisova Cave, a level dated between 29,200 to 48,650 years ago. The remains contain a variant of initial Upper Paleolithic cultural remains found in Siberia called Altai. Discovered in 2000, these fragmentary remains have been the target of molecular investigations since 2008. The discovery came after researchers led by Svante Pbo at the Neanderthal Genome Project at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology successfully completed the first mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of a Neanderthal, proving that Neanderthals and early modern humans are not very closely related at all. In March 2010, Pbos team reported the results of the examination of one of the small fragments, a phalanx (finger bone) of a child aged between 5 and 7, found within Level 11 of Denisova Cave. The mtDNA signature from the phalanx from Denisova Cave was significantly different from both Neanderthals or early modern humans (EMH). A complete mtDNA analysis of the phalanx was reported in December of 2010, and it continued to support the identification of the Denisovan individual as separate from both Neanderthal and EMH. Pbo and colleagues believe that the mtDNA from this phalanx is from a descendant of people who left Africa a million years after Homo erectus, and half a million years before the ancestors of Neanderthals and EMH. Essentially, this tiny fragment is evidence of human migration out of Africa that scientists were completely unaware of before this discovery. The Molar The mtDNA analysis of a molar from Level 11 in the cave and reported in December 2010 revealed that the tooth was likely from a young adult of the same hominid as the finger bone and clearly a different individual since the phalanx is from a child. The tooth is an almost complete left and probably third or second upper molar, with bulging lingual and buccal walls, giving it a puffy appearance. The size of this tooth is well outside the range for most Homo species. In fact, it is closest in size to Australopithecus. It is absolutely not a Neanderthal tooth. Most importantly, the researchers were able to extract DNA from the dentin within the root of the tooth, and preliminary results reported its identification as a Denisovan. The Culture of the Denisovans What we know about the culture of the Denisovans is that it was apparently not much different from other Initial Upper Paleolithic populations in the Siberian north. The stone tools in the layers in which the Denisovan human remains were located are a variant of Mousterian, with the documented use of parallel reduction strategy for the cores, and a large number of tools formed on large blades. Decorative objects of bone, mammoth tusk, and fossilized ostrich shell were recovered from the Denisova Cave, as were two fragments of a stone bracelet made of dark green chlorite. The Denisovan levels contain the earliest use of an eyed-bone needle known in Siberia to date. Genome Sequencing In 2012, Pbos team reported the mapping of the complete genome sequencing of the tooth. Denisovans, like modern humans today, apparently share a common ancestor with Neanderthals  but had a completely different population history. While Neanderthal DNA is present in all populations outside of Africa, Denisovan DNA is only found in modern populations from China, island Southeast Asia, and Oceania. According to the DNA analysis, the families of present-day human and Denisovans split apart about 800,000 years ago  and then reconnected some 80,000 years ago. Denisovans share the most alleles with Han populations in southern China, with Dai in northern China, and with Melanesians, Australian aborigines, and southeast Asian islanders. The Denisovan individuals found in Siberia carried genetic data that matches that of modern humans and is associated with dark skin, brown hair and brown eyes. Tibetans, Denisovan DNA, and Xiahe Looking through the entire Jiangla River Valley at the upper reach of the valley. Biashiya Karst Cave is at the end of the valley. Dongju Zhang, Lanzhou University A DNA study published by population geneticist Emilia Huerta-Sanchez and colleagues in the journal  Nature  focused on the genetic structure of people who live on the Tibetan Plateau at 4,000 meters above sea level  and discovered that Denisovans may have contributed to the Tibetan ability to live at high altitudes. The gene EPAS1 is a mutation which reduces the amount of hemoglobin in blood required for people to sustain and thrive at high altitudes with low oxygen. People who live at lower altitudes adapt to low-oxygen levels at high altitudes by increasing the amount of hemoglobin in their systems, which in turn increases the risk of cardiac events. But Tibetans are able to live at higher elevations without increased hemoglobin levels. The scholars sought for donor populations for EPAS1 and found an exact match in Denisovan DNA. Denisova Cave is only about 2,300 feet above sea level; the Tibetan Plateau averages 16,400 ft asl. A team led by paleontologist Jean-Jacques Hublin (Chen 2019) searched through archived Tibetan paleontological remains and identified a mandible which had been discovered in Baishiya Karst Cave, Xiahe, Gansu province, China in 1980. The Xiahe mandible is 160,000 years old and it represents the earliest known hominin fossil found on the Tibetan Plateau- the caves elevation is 10,700 ft asl. Although no DNA remained in the Xiahe mandible itself, there was extant proteome in the dentine of the teeth- albeit highly degraded, it was still clearly distinguishable from contaminating modern proteins. A proteome is the set of all expressed proteins in a cell, tissue, or organism; and the observed state of a particular single amino acid polymorphisms within the Xiahe proteome helped establish the identification of the Xiahe as Denisovan. The scholars believe that this human adaptation to extraordinary environments may have been facilitated by gene flow from Denisovans who had adapted to the cl imate first. Now that researchers have an indication of what Denisovan jaw morphology looks like, it will be easier to identify possible Denisovan candidates. Chen et al. also suggested two more East Asian bones which fit the morphology and time frame of Xiahe cave, Penghu 1 and Xuijiayo. Family Tree When anatomically modern humans left Africa about 60,000 years ago, the regions they arrived in were already populated: by Neanderthals, earlier Homo species, Denisovans and possibly Homo floresiensis. To some degree, the AMH interbred with these other hominids. The most current research indicates that all of the hominid species are descended from the same ancestor, a hominin in Africa; but the exact origins, dating, and spread of hominids throughout the world was a complex process that needs much more research to identify. Research studies led by Mondal et al. (2019) and Jacobs et al. (2019) have established that modern populations containing admixtures of Denisovan DNA are found throughout Asia and Oceania, and it is becoming clear that interbreeding between anatomically modern humans and Denisovans and Neanderthals occurred several times over the course of our history on planet earth. Selected Sources rnason, Úlfur. The Out of Africa Hypothesis and the Ancestry of Recent Humans: Cherchez La Femme (Et Lhomme). Gene 585.1 (2016): 9–12. Print.Bae, Christopher J., Katerina Douka, and Michael D. Petraglia. On the Origin of Modern Humans: Asian Perspectives. Science 358.6368 (2017). Print.Chen, Fahu, et al. A Late Middle Pleistocene Denisovan Mandible from the Tibetan Plateau. Nature  (2019). Print.Douka, Katerina, et al. Age Estimates for Hominin Fossils and the Onset of the Upper Palaeolithic at Denisova Cave. Nature 565.7741 (2019): 640–44. Print.Garrels, J. I. Proteome. Encyclopedia of Genetics. Eds. Brenner, Sydney and Jefferey H. Miller. New York: Academic Press, 2001. 1575–78. PrintHuerta-Sanchez, Emilia, et al. Altitude Adaptation in Tibetans Caused by Introgression of Denisovan-Like DNA. Nature 512.7513 (2014): 194–97. Print.Jacobs, Guy S., et al. Multiple Deeply Divergent Denisovan Ancestries in Papuans. Cell 177.4 (2019): 1010–21.e32. P rint.Mondal, Mayukh, Jaume Bertranpetit, and Oscar Lao. Approximate Bayesian Computation with Deep Learning Supports a Third Archaic Introgression in Asia and Oceania. Nature Communications 10.1 (2019): 246. Print. Slon, Viviane, et al. The Genome of the Offspring of a Neanderthal Mother and a Denisovan Father. Nature 561.7721 (2018): 113–16. Print.Slon, Viviane, et al. A Fourth Denisovan Individual. Science Advances 3.7 (2017): e1700186. Print.

Alexander Graham Bell 1847-1922 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Alexander Graham Bell 1847-1922 - Essay Example The purpose of this essay is to discuss the Graham Bell’s life and his contribution in the different fields. Alexander Graham Bell was an American scientist, who belonged to Scotland and born on 3rd March, 1847. He was the second son of Melville Bell, whose life was dedicated for the benefit of mankind. He worked as a teacher, scientist, inventor and a gentleman who is known throughout the world for his pioneering work for the invention of the telephone (Dunn, 1990). Graham Bell received his initial education at home and then took admission in the Royal High School. He got musical talent from his mother. He took early lessons from her and became a family’s pianist. He left the school at the age of 15 (Osborne, 1943). He migrated to London then, as his grandfather was living there at the time when he left the school. As his grandfather and father were the famous professors and deliver lectures on elocution. So, from his childhood, he was keen to learn about speech and sound. With encouragement of his father, he was able to construct a speaking machine that could articulate a few words. He also got the position as a â€Å"pupil-teacher† for elocution and music in a school (A&E Television Networks, LLC, 2014). During 1868-1870, Bell studied the vocal anatomy at the University of London. In 1870, he had to migrate to Canada along with his family. From Canada, Bell moved to the United States and became a teacher there. He mastered a system called Visible Speech, which was originally developed by his father himself to teach the deaf children. In 1872, he created a school in Boston. Its sole purpose was to educate the teachers who teach the deaf. Then soon, it attained the status of being a part of the Boston University. His mother was also deaf, so like some other influential people, he believed that deafness was something that should be eliminated. He was of the view that the deaf

Feminism in the Light of Feminist Narratives Essay

Feminism in the Light of Feminist Narratives - Essay Example Barbara Findlen’s Listen Up: Voices from the Next Feminist Generation is able to provide me a new way of understanding women’s struggle in the third wave. My previous understanding of feminism resolves in the surge of women’s situation from their old tradition as mere caretakers of the household, denied of education and employment, and had a limited right to suffrage. Feminism had been a political idea, had always been, and still is. When women earned their right to education and employment, bid goodbye to being merely relegated to the sidelines as a mother and wife, and finally being able to vote, I thought that the woman is then free and all she has to do is to ensure that this freedom is not taken from her. However, the third wave feminism proves that the feminist struggle continues on and the issues that every female must resolve are reflected on language, gestures, and movements of people and society in everyday living. My perceptions about the third wave feminist struggle made a shift or would I say, an improved turn over the course of the semester as aided by the authors of Listen Up. Not being a racist, but my previous consciousness on feminism has always been directed towards Europe, the proponent of feminism, neglecting or putting into sidelines the other female experiences in other parts of the world. The feminist struggle is not limited to a certain race, social class, or ethnicity, but encompasses all these and Findlen’s Listen Up was able to reiterate this point.

A Generic Supervisory Of ICT Agriculture Information Technology Essay

A Generic Supervisory Of ICT Agriculture Information Technology Essay Agriculture is the most assured engine of development and a reliable key to industrialisation (Ajibola, 2007). It is the basis of development, especially in Africa and other developing countries. Increased in agricultural production is the best way of assessing that development. However, adoption of agricultural technologies is the tool of measuring the levels of achievement and production potentials. Thus, reliable means of improving the living conditions of the farmers. Priorities are therefore attached to the ways of exposing the farmers to current agricultural practices (Mando, 2002). High population increase and excessive competition on limited agricultural and related technologies, mandated various stakeholders to devise the ways of utilising agricultural resources effectively. The appropriate means of achieving that and increase productivity are through involving farmers to various decision making processes, and make them realise the ways of manipulating and combining various techniques that involved both scientific and indigenous knowledge. The use of desirable information technology that enhance horizontal and vertical exchange of ideas among farmers and other related components becomes instrumental towards increased agricultural production and improve the living conditions of the rural people. (Michiels, 2001) have defined ICT as a range of electronic technologies which when converged in new configurations are flexible, adaptable, enabling and capable of transforming organisations and redefining social relations. In related development, (Greenidge, 2003) defined ICT as those technologies that can be used to interlink information technology devices, such as personal computers with communication technologies, such as telephones and their communications . The definitions above, stresses on the need for integrating modern communication technologies with conventional ones, aimed at devising more diversified means of exchanging and sharing of ideas among individuals. However, failed to consider the printed materials, group meetings and workshops, and question and answer service as ICTs that are used frequently, conveniently filled the gaps of impersonal communication and enhances the feedback mechanisms. According to Joseph Schumpter, innovation is simply the doing of new things or the doing of things that are already being done in a new way. A definition that is more appropriate is the application of technological, institutional and human resources and discoveries to productive processes, resulting in new practices, products, markets, institutions and organisation that are improved and efficiency enhancing. (Nigel, 2006).The two generic sources of innovation in agriculture are informal system of experimentation and selection, and formal systems of research and development. These two systems are connected to national and international sector organisations. The bottom line is how to consider the two (2) approaches to innovations, i.e. central and multiple source models. The central source model emphasise on the theoretical and rhetoric concepts of formal agricultural research and extension institutions, where major technical, institutional and social innovations evolved from the syste matic work of international research centres. While the multiple sources of innovation model embrace natural and farmer selections, and considered agricultural research and diffusion processes within various political, economical, institutional and historical context through which technological changes occur. Thus, innovations evolved from various sources of farmers, international centres, extension staff, national research system and non-governmental organisations (Biggs, ). Information and communication technology is an example of private sector innovation of high priority. Agricultural extension/education considered ICT issues as the most important topics for quite a long time. (Poole, 2000) examined the conventional ICTs like radio and television as the most important means of establishing a strong link between the farmers and their respective market demands, which are their major area of interest. And the information gap among the farmers and other beneficiaries are bridged up through providing additional sources by the modern ICTs like satellite, computer, internet service providers and telephone systems. Both ICTs are used for addressing developmental issues and reducing poverty, and are adopted by target audience. Agricultural knowledge sharing created by information flow helps in developing different agricultural sectors. However, there is a significant difference in sharing of information between rural areas and agricultural knowledge centres. Accessibility of information by the targeted audiences are the responsibilities of some stakeholders and intermediary organisations(Stienen, 2007). In earlier and closely related observations by (Kenny, 2000)the accessibility of ICTs by rural people assist in devising a multi-dimensional approaches to technological uptake, poverty eradication and other related developmental issues. While (Skuse, 2001)argued that the use of ICT in addressing such issues, especially poverty eradication, depends to a greater extent on the desirable information content and infrastructural facilities. It is important to appreciate the earlier perceptions of (Chambers, 1997), that, individuals use of information and the reasons for using that information supercedes the infor mation context. He further emphasised that, in rural areas, priorities are attached to policy and decision makers than the end users. Rural areas are therefore deprived by appropriate information, which is important for initiating developmental activities. There is the need to bridge the gap in knowledge and solve some problems through information acquisition. In considering the roles of ICTs in adoption of innovation, it is absolutely necessary to examine the differences in the needs of the rural and urban people, and the benefits derived. ICT uses could be more inclined to rural areas, mainly because of the contributions they provide towards agricultural developments. The roles therefore, provided by ICT in rural areas towards improving their livelihoods are unparallel to other areas. The roles of ICT in adoption of innovation in Nigeria is related to provision of agricultural support services, improving market efficiency and weather forecast, through the use of internet and Global Service Mobile (GSM) phones, which improve farmers production potentials successfully, and reduces social isolation(Pickernell, 2004). Modern ICTs like internet, computer and mobile phones that improves rural banking systems and accessibility to credit facilities were encouraged and approved in Nigeria by the World Summit Information Society (WSIS), 2003 2005 as tools for developing rural communities (Stienen et al., 2007). The applications of ICT in Nigeria are considered vital for revolutionary role in diversification of scientific and indigenous technology. ICT abridged the gap created by geographical and cultural barriers, which are detrimental to agricultural production. Thus, information are shared effectively in post harvest technology, databases, market prices and other related information for immediate and future use, which is achieved by internet, email and world wide web to facilitate communication (Obayelu, 2010). The roles of ICT in adoption of innovation are suppose to first be considered from the integrated point of view, before addressing the roles of individual ICTs. This is particularly important due to the differences in the socio-economic status of the rural people, and the need for encouraging the participatory action community approach, which is user-driven in nature. It is important however, to appreciate the uses of combination of conventional and modern ICTs in adoption processes. To this effect, therefore, the benefits derived from the Telecentres in Nigeria and other developing countries towards exposing the rural people to more diversified ICTs need to be discussed. Kiplang at 2001, defined Telecentre as community-based centre that accommodate ICTs, including fax, telephone, computer based system with internet connection and photocopying. A few telecentres provide additional services such as postal facilities, selling of telephone cards, newspaper and refreshment. The main objectives of establishing telecentres in the rural areas is to eradicate poverty and capacity building among the rural people. Telecentres are used for sharing knowledge among the rural people. It expose the farmers to various agricultural technologies and makes them to adopt the most desirable innovation. Telecentres are widely used in Africa and other developing countries. According to Synman, 2002, South Africa established fifty-six (56) telecentres in the year, 2002 out of the projected one hundred (100) through Universal Service Agency. The average visiting clients were 140 per day, and the clients are from different areas of community-based services, like agricultural extension workers, farmers, teachers and students and health workers. Telecentres are widespread in Uganda, Senegal and Kenya, owned by Governmental and Non-governmental organisations. While some are managed by agricultural research institute, like Ugunja Communication Research Centres in Kenya (Oguya, 2001). Oke-Ogun community development network (OCDN), located in Oyo-State -Nigeria and Fantsuan Foundation ICT in North-Central are two telecentres established in the years, 2003 and 2000 respectively, by the people of those communities, provided only four (40) computers to Ago-Are town, mainly used for training rural people, without telephone services. With the intervention of Pam Mclean from the United Kingdom, internet service provider was installed through internet connection in 2004. Information about agricultural innovations becomes readily available to the farmers in the area. Pam Mclean and Carole utilised the centres, with extensive web site on solar cooking information, which is rich information source, and introduced solar cooking video project which was widely adopted in the area. Participatory action research approach was the research method used. The technology is particularly relevant in minimising deforestation and other environmental problems caused by mining, and excessiv e farming activities on forested lands in Nigeria (Carole, 2005). As earlier emphasised, agricultural information in Nigeria and other developing countries are targeted to rural areas where the farmers lives, so that, their social and economic conditions are favourably improved. To achieve this, Emerald Publishing Group of the United Kingdom established a broad band service knowledge centre in Nigeria in Ihala village of Anambra State, which had a projected population of 20,000 people. The project took up in 2007 mainly for exchange of agricultural ideas among the farmers, aided by volunteer students. Computers with internet services and customised website were installed and monitored. Social interactions, mutual exchange of ideas and information retrieval were enhanced in the village. The project was successful, with up to 61% of the participants utilising the knowledge centre website for socialisation and discussions with farmers. Participatory community approach was effectively used(Ha, 2008). The serious problem facing all the telecentres in Nigeria is poor electricity supply and lack of stability in internet services. This problem is particularly not only in the rural areas, but in the urban counterparts. The unreliable internet connection reduces the efficiency of such telecentres, especially when users are eagerly anticipating urgent response to the ways of combating a disease/pest infestation and immediate call for directions of use for newly introduced package. Farmers in Nigeria have different backgrounds, speak various languages. Standardised ICT usage cannot be applicable to all of them. The variation in the language of communication, coupled with low understanding of English, inhibits effective utilisation of ICTs. It is therefore, recommended that, software translators should be developed for proper ICT use. Linkages of such centre with universities and research institutions are not highly intensified. Only one of the available telecentre in Nigeria (OCDN) is linked through ICT with International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and the university of Ibadan for certain project implementations. Combining socialisation and research activities in the same spot, makes the people to inclined more to social related activities than research. Radio is still the frequently used ICTs for adoption of innovation in Nigeria. This can be attributed to its availability than any other conventional or modern ICTs. Various adoption of innovation were successful in Nigeria through the use of radio. Combination of radio, posters, video and global system mobile (GSM) were used, with core extension programs for extending Purdue Improved Cowpea Storage (PICS) technology in Nigeria and other West African countries. The project realised that, accessibility of the rural people in Nigeria to television was very low, mainly due to inadequate supply of electricity. Radio messages were used during various events of sensitisation, demonstration, follow-up and open the bag. There was a great difference in the adoption rates between villages with and without PICS radio messages. Thus, radio messages had significantly influenced the adoption of PICS sacks in Kano and other Northern states of Nigeria (Moussa, 2009). Posters were also distributed to various stakeholders that are involved in the adoption of PICS technology, which revealed the various stages that can be used for optimal utilisation of PICS technology . A video sketch on the use of the technology in the languages that are easily comprehended by rural people in Nigeria, Niger and Burkina Faso (Hausa and French ) were transferred to the GSM phones through Bluetooth to augment the demonstrations performed in various villages. The use of GSM phones was due to the realisation of the project of the expanded use of those phones in rural areas of Nigeria and other African countries (Moussa, 2009). Integrated ICTs (Radio, posters, video and mobile phones) were used in this project and tremendously increased the rate of adoption of this technology (PICS), thereby increase in the income level of the adopters, when sold the cowpea during lean period, and more importantly improved the health conditions of the people. Radio is the most persistently used conventional/traditional communication medium that is capable of transmitting various information to different set of people(FAO., 2004). According to (Chapman, 2003), radio has the capabilities of reaching farmers, regardless of their educational status and provide relevant information in the language they can understand. They emphasised that, radio is the cheapest means of providing information with exceptional power of linking the modern and conventional technologies for improving the livelihoods of the rural people. (Okwu, 2007) argued that, radio is the most widely appropriate medium used by all research and extension systems to extend messages to rural people, with little intellectualism to reach the remote places that could not be reach by the extension workers. The sensitive assessment of great impact of radio in Nigeria is related to the findings of Iro, 2006 that, radio is the most preferred means of educating pastoral Fulani, which they found portable, even when herding. The Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) utilises radio and television to introduce educational and enlighten programmes to Fulani. Educational status of Fulani is still low, despite the programmes aired for educating them, the enrolment pattern of their children in Nomadic schools is very low when compared with children of farmers in the same schools. The possible explanation to this is the nature of their movements from one place to another, which could affect the reception of the radio in some areas. It can also be attributed to lack of clear information about the time when the programmes are to be broadcasted and the content of the language. With all little things taken care of, and increasing level of awareness, educational and enlighten programmes would reduce the Fulani/farmer conflict that is persistently affect agricultural production in Nigeria. However, with all the benefits of radio as conventional ICT in Nigeria, the current status of telecommunication system after the sector has been reformed, is the emergence of many private radio stations. Those radio stations are profit-oriented, attached exorbitant charges to programmes sponsored by Non-governmental organisations, with little or no consideration to agricultural related programmes. While the public radio stations are producer-driven, inclined more to programmes that are satisfying the interest of the government. Television and Video: Are important communication tools, ideals for demonstration of various techniques for easily understanding. They have an additional value of displaying motion pictures, essential for teaching and learning processes. Many farmers are reached and stimulated about the new ideas(Ifran, 2006). When appropriately used, it is a source of reliable information, but most people considered it more as entertainment tools (Kari, 2007). According to (Omotayo, 2005), video has the potentials of using undistorted messages to reach large number of farmers, since it doesnt depend on any reception/coverage patterns. Video could be use to inspire individuals to involve in various planning and implementation stages of agricultural activities. It allows farmers and extension agents to edit and document important events like agricultural shows. Telephone: There was remarkable increased in telephone lines in Nigeria when GSM was introduced in 2001. GSM lines were then 450,000, raised to over 38 million lines in 2007. The teledensity increased accordingly from 0.4 to 24 g/cm3 (Adeyinka, 2009). Telephones are available in either fixed or mobile form. Telephones are the rapidly spread ICT that cover large area in exchange of messages across various agricultural components of farmers, research and extension. According to (Shaibu, 2008) telephones are used by famers to access the agricultural markets conveniently. This helps in having knowledge about real situations in various markets, so as to enhance market efficiency and consistency. It can be integrated with computer for internet connectivity. Telephones are used by farmers to seek for immediate attention of extension agents during disease outbreak or other consultations which are prevented by geographical barriers. Nomadic Fulani are relating efficiently with veterinary assistants through mobile phones as long as there are network coverage. Computers : For agricultural information to be sufficient through web technology, established connection is needed between computers and internet service providers. Such connection is useful for generation, compilation, dissemination and exchange of agricultural information (Zaman, 2002). Internet is therefore used by farmers to realise appropriate agricultural information that can be useful to adopt and utilise various innovations.(Munyau, 2000) explained that, world wide web (www) is used as important tool for creating awareness and providing agricultural information to farmers, while email services complements the www function , through establishing interactive linkages and effective feedback mechanism. High cost of computer hard and soft wares and lack of computer literacy prevent rural people from using computer and other internet services effectively in evaluating relevant information about current technological advancements. THE WAYS ICT HELP RESEARCH AND EXTENSION IN OVERCOMING THE CONSTRAINTS OF ADOPTION OF INNOVATION IN NIGERIA: The Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) has divided its agricultural research institutes into five (5) agro-ecological zones, and these zones are liable for effective linkages between research and extension components. There are various senders and receivers of agricultural innovations and ideas that are involved in the communication of agricultural technologies to rural communities. Such communication sources are considered obnoxious when sent to the farmers at a later stage of agricultural production (Obayelu, 2010). There are eighteen (18) agricultural research centres in Nigeria that are solely responsible for improving the local crop varieties and developing new ones that are conducive to the existing farming situations, like rice, sugarcane, cassava, banana, soyabean to mentioned but a few.(Faturoti, 2006). Research and extension components have distinctive functions in agricultural development. The research component is responsible for providing science-based innovations, which is significant for creating the much needed change to agricultural productivity. While the extension components conveyed the innovations to the farmers for adoption, and in turn communicate the results, expectations and problems of the farmers to research component. For the roles of these components to be effective, there should be well coordinated linkage between them, which will enable each component to realise its potentials. In an effort to develop and strengthen these linkages, the FGN established various systems, like On-Farm Adaptive Research (OFAR), Farming System Research (FSR), Small Plot Adoption Techniques (SPAT) and Research- Extension Farmer- Input Linkage system (REFILS). Although, the systems are relevant in providing much needed interaction, the FGN failed to support the linkages financially. There is the need to provide effective means with less cost and highly satisfactory result. This could only be achieved through integrating ICT for reinforcing the linkages (Lawal-Adebowale, 2008). The roles of ICT in augmenting the services of agricultural research are considered significant in adoption of innovation. This can be achieved through ways in which the results of some findings generated by research institutions can be extended to farmers, which is associated with changing agricultural information systems, such that the information about new agricultural innovations can be assessed by farmers through the web-based information systems. This helps in providing access to relevant publications directly. Efficiency of agricultural research could be enhanced by making soft wares that are related to agriculture more readily available. Accessibility of research soft ware is highly intensified in International Agricultural Research Centres. It is particularly important to involve various stakeholders, so that high interactive sessions for improving information generation and utilisation among farmers can be achieved successfully. Agricultural development and improving the quality of peoples life in Nigeria and other developing countries depends to a greater extent on the viability of the nations agricultural research and extension systems (NARES). Investment in NAREs, by the FGN becomes necessary for achieving the much needed progress in agricultural development. World Bank provides sufficient loans to Nigerias agriculture, specifically to Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) and research institutions for effective performance. Nigerian Agricultural extension system passed through various stages of development from commodity focus to professional services which have vision for farmers production potentials. ADPs are available in all States, still the most dignified extension service delivery in Nigeria, involving Local Government staff for carrying out various tasks. REFILS provides the desirable linkages for various stakeholders to interact in generating appropriate technology, assigning responsibilities to the actors involved and strategise the effectiveness of the modified training and visit extension system. Farmers and private sector involvement is still low in technological development and planning of the programme, with strengthen linkage mechanism. NARES and private sector (commercial and NGOs) provides specialised roles in the linkages, while the former is responsible for technological development, the later is engaged in the provision of essential inputs and supply services of credit and marketing. The major partners in REFILS are the National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and the project coordinating unit (PCU). Non-Governmental organisations i.e. profit and non-profit oriented, joined extension services in Nigeria. The non profit oriented are providing extension services in a participatory inclined approach and weak linkages to NARS and public extension services. (NAERLS., 2002) ascertained that, in Nigeria, extension agents are the most effective means through which farmers have information about innovation. Until the intervention of State-wide ADP in 1980, the ratio of extension agent to farmer was 1: 2000, sometimes 1: 3000. They further realised that, the ratio ranges from 1: 848 in South Western zone to 1: 1,650 in North Western zone, with more wider range when it involves women extension agents. The ratio failed to meet the recommendation of FAO of 1:500. This therefore calls of integrating ICTs for cost effective and wider coverage of extension services that can complement the existing usage of ICTs in research and extension to overcome the problems of adoption of innovation. The inclusion of modern ICTs to complement the existing conventional ICTs becomes imperative for making the farmers more knowledgeable about the current agricultural practices for increased in productivity. According to (Arokoyo, 2002), the roles of ICT in research and extension is traced after the establishment of ADP as World Bank assisted project. The strategy utilised the T V extension services in developing effective communication system. It was achieved through the use of mobile cinema vans, moving from one rural area to another, with extension publications that are printed in the languages easily understood by the people. Successful implementation of which led to additional ICTs like radio, video and television in the mobile vans, when the bank increased the assistance. ADPs in various states extends its extension messages through radio and television programmes. National Agricultural Technology Support Project (NATSP) was established by ADP, as one of its second developmental phase in 1996, with Development Support Commission (DSC) units, which increased the viewing facilities. Through NATSP, more radio listening clubs were formed. (NAERLS., 2002) examined that, in the year, 2002, 70% of the states ADPs utilised one or more radio programs to broadcast agricultural information to farmers in their local languages that enhance proper understanding. The findings further revealed that, more than 48% of the ADPs broadcasts are relevant agricultural programmes in the television. The CTA-supported Questions and Answers service in Nigeria used by NAERLS and nine (9) collaborative institution popularly known as Nigerian Question and Answer Service (NAQAS) has revolutionalised the ICT in research and extension. Users of NAQAS are provided with information required through references, factional information referral and advisory services. In a similar development, United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in partnership with International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Communication for Change (CFC), NAERLS and the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, established the Information and Communication Support (ICS) for agricultural growth in Nigeria, with aim of strengthen capacity of farmer assistance organisations to package and disseminate information to farmers, thus, enhancing information flow(Ogunyinka, 2002). The project was started in eight ADPs states. (Ogunyinka, 2002) emphasised that, the networking in the project involves all the stakeholders and farmer association. The major activity of ICS is establishment of farmer resource centre in each of the eight states. The centres are supposed to have and utilised the following ICTs; Radio and Television, Camera and Video, Computer with internet facilities, Telephone and Fax, Scanner, Photocopier and Printer, Cassette recorder/player, Generator and Lamination and Spiral binding machine. The NAQAS and ICS are established to use ICTs in improve horizontal exchange of ideas among the farmers, thus improving extension services. The information flow focus on the end-users (user-driven), in order to satisfy their needs. Establishing integrated ICTs like NAQAS, ICS and other telecentres are exceptionally significant towards providing a relevant and reliable information to the farmers living in rural areas. It is important to note that, any sustainable information development that entails using modern and conventional ICTs that is not encouraging a strong linkage between research/extension and the farmers should not have a significant impact in agricultural development. In Nigeria, the linkages between extension and farmers is highly intensified, while that, between research and farmers is relatively weak. This can be attributed to the low level of literacy for assessing information easily, on part of the farmers and weak contacts to the farmers, depending on extension component to disseminate information and more emphasis on the managerial activities. The constraints the NAQAS and ICS may likely face is the domination of accessibility of such centres by researchers and other literate individuals in t he communities. The centres are supposed to provide intensive trainings to farmers for proper utilisation of the resources. The sustainability of this and other related projects that are funded by international organisations, tend to terminates if such funding terminates. The Local, State and Federal Governments are expected to consistently monitor and evaluate the activities of such centres for achieving the desired objectives. The status of ICT in agricultural research and extension organisations in South Western Nigeria was assessed by Lawal-A., 2008, analysed that, all the eight agricultural research institutes and six extension organisations except, Osun State ADP, had computers, internet facilities and telephone system. Telex/fax machines were available in four research institutes, and two extension organisations. The result however, shows that, the ICTs were only found in some offices at the headquarters. The research and extension personnel with whom the field works are assigned have little access to such facilities. Adequate ICT infrastructure is necessary for agricultural development and the effect of such development could not be felt with the marginal improvement in ICTs infrastructural facilities (Institute., 2005). Kano State ADP is currently using mobile telephones to call for meetings, workshops and other important information to farmer groups. More than 12,000 farmer groups were formed, each group comprises of 25 members. Focus group discussion and use of existing traditional groups were the techniques used in forming the groups. Each group has a leader possessing a functional mobile phone through which the head of extension unit of the ADP contact them for important messages that deserve immediate attention. Thus, the use of mobile phones facilitates communication and established reliable linkages between the extension and rural farmers. From the discussions, it was observed that, research and extension in Nigeria are currently using integrated ICTs in motivating farmers to adopt various innovations. However, the use of effective individual ICTs are relevant for extending messages to fa

Hamlet-Soliloquy

Hamlet's perceptions of himself and his way of responding to his ‘quest' for revenge? Upon examination, It is clear that Hamlet Is ‘a divided mind' due to his Introspective way of thinking; a typical Renaissance character. Soliloquy 3 reveals that Hamlet has realized that his honor code demands him to exact revenge upon Claudia. However, halls moral code manifests itself Into constant self-recrimination, testament to his character.Hamlet begins by metaphorically comparing himself to a â€Å"peasant slave†, indicating that he has not dressed his honor code, as this distinguished the aristocrat from the peasant in Elizabethan times. The use of the exclamation is the first sign of his denunciation of himself due to his lack of action. This theme is advanced when he classically alludes to Hachure in reference to the play he has Just witnessed. Hamlet is ashamed that â€Å"he should weep to her† and ponders what the actor would do â€Å"had he the motive and the cue for passion that I have? Along with revealing the intellectuality of the Renaissance Hamlet, the classical allusion demonstrates that he is clearly frustrated by his Impotence for revenge. This is consolidated In the simile â€Å"Like John-a-dreams, unapparent of my cause† where Hamlet blatantly admits to Inaction, cutting a self- deprecating Image of himself. The rhetorical question â€Å"Am I a coward† attests to his Introspective nature as he Is self-analyzing whether the last portion of his soliloquy Is true or not.This begins a series of rhetorical questions in an attempt to conjure up a ensue of passion in the demoralizes Hamlet, which culminates with the fragmented sentence, â€Å"Remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindles villain! O, vengeance! † We can finally observe Hamlet thinking about revenge and this is affirmed when he begins to devise a plan to catch his Uncle's guilt, so that he â€Å"knows his (my) course†. Despite acquiring this new-found passion, his introspection still comes through when he claims that â€Å"The spirit I have seen may be the Devil†.This religious allusion reminds Hamlet of the mantra, ‘innocent until proven guilty, and Hamlet Is out to rove Claudia' guilt as â€Å"the plays the thing wherein he'll (I'll) catch the conscience of the king†. This rhyming couplet sets the stage for his plan for revenge and affirms that he Is truly â€Å"looking for certainties In a world of Gardner). All in all, soliloquy 3 is a perfect summation of Hamlet's complicated Renaissance mind: a journey from self-deprecation to blatant passion, culminating in the official beginning of his quest' for revenge.Hamlet-Soliloquy 3 By capital responding to his ‘quest' for revenge? Upon examination, it is clear that Hamlet is ‘a divided mind' due to his introspective way of thinking; a typical Renaissance demands him to exact revenge upon Claudia. However, his moral code manifests itself into constant self-recrimination, testament to his character. Hamlet begins by by his impotence for revenge. This is consolidated in the simile â€Å"Like John-a-dreams, unapparent of my cause† where Hamlet blatantly admits to inaction, cutting a self- deprecating image of himself.The rhetorical question â€Å"Am I a coward† attests to his introspective nature as he is self-analyzing whether the last portion of his soliloquy is can finally observe Hamlet thinking about revenge and this is affirmed when he reminds Hamlet of the mantra, ‘innocent until proven guilty, and Hamlet is out to that he is truly â€Å"looking for certainties in a world of uncertainties†(Helen Gardner). All in all, soliloquy 3 is a perfect summation of Hamlet's complicated Renaissance mind; a Journey from self-deprecation to blatant passion, culminating in the official beginning of his ‘quest' for revenge.